Anund Knowpia

Anund
Anund
Legendary King of Sweden
Predecessor	Ingvar Harra
Successor	Ingjald
Died	Himinheiðr
Burial	unknown; speculated to have been Anundshög, Västmanland, modern-day Sweden
Issue	Ingjald
Father	Ingvar Harra

Anund Swedish: Bröt-Anund meaning trail-blazer Anund or Anund the Land Clearer; alternate names Brøt-Anundr (Old East Norse) or Braut-Önundr (Old West Norse) was a semi-legendary Swedish king of the House of Yngling who reigned in the mid-seventh century.^[1] The name would have been Proto-Norse *Anuwinduz meaning "winning ancestor".^[2]

History edit

In his Ynglinga saga, Snorri Sturluson relates that Anund succeeded his father King Yngvar who fell in battle with the Estonians. After his father's wars against Danish Vikings and Estonian Vikings, peace reigned over Sweden and there were good harvests. Anund was a popular king who became very rich, not only because of the peace and the good harvests but also because he avenged his father in Estonia. That country was ravaged far and wide and in the autumn Anund returned with great riches.^[3]

In those days Sweden was dominated by vast and uninhabited forests, so Anund started making roads and clearing land and vast districts were settled by Swedes. Consequently, he was named Bröt-Anund. He made a farm for himself in every district and used to stay as a guest in many homes.^[4]

One autumn, King Anund was travelling between his halls (see Husbys) and came to a place called Himinheiðr (sky heath) between two mountains. He was surprised by a landslide which killed him.

After presenting this story of Anund, Snorri Sturluson quotes Þjóðólfr of Hvinir's Ynglingatal:

Varð Ǫnundr

Jónakrs bura

harmi heptr

und Himinfjǫllum.

Ok ofvæg

Eistra dolgi

heipt hrísungs

at hendi kom.

Ok sá frǫmuðr

foldar beinum

Hǫgna *reyrs

of horfinn vas.^[5]

Ǫnundr was

killed by the pain

of the sons of Jónakr [STONES]

beneath Himinfjǫll.

And the crushing hatred

of the bastard [STONES]

came upon the enemy

of the Estonians [= Ǫnundr].

And that wielder of

the reed of Hǫgni <legendary hero> [SWORD > WARRIOR]

was surrounded

by the bones of the earth [STONES].^[5]

The Historia Norwegiæ presents a Latin summary of Ynglingatal, older than Snorri's quotation (continuing after Ingvar Harra):

Iste ergo genuit Broutonund, quem Sigwardus frater suus occidit in Himinheithi,^[6] quod loci vocabulum interpretatur coeli campus. Post istum filius suus Ingialdr [...].^[7]

Yngvar bred Braut-Ånund, whose brother, Sigurd, laid him low in Himinheid, a place-name which means 'field of heaven'. After him his son Ingjald [...]^[8]

The original text of Ynglingatal is hard to interpret, and it only says that Anund died und Himinfjöllum (under the sky mountains) and that stones were implied. According to Historia Norwegiæ, he was murdered by his brother Sigvard in Himinherthy (which the source says means "the fields of the sky", cœli campus. Such a place name is not known and Swedish archaeologist Birger Nerman (1888–1971) suggests that the original place of death was under the sky mountains, i.e. under the clouds (cf. the etymology of cloud). Consequently, he may have been killed outdoors, by his brother and with a stone.

Thorsteins saga Víkingssonar says that Anund was not the son of Ingvar Harra, but Östen. It also relates that he had a brother named Olaf who was the king of Fjordane.

All sources say that Anund was the father of Ingjald (Ingjald Illråde).

References edit

^ Fryxell, A. (1866). Berättelser ur svenska historien ... (in Swedish). L.J. Hierta. p. 67. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
^ Peterson, Lena (2007). "Lexikon över urnordiska personnamn" (PDF). Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2011.(Lexicon of Nordic personal names before the 8th century)
^ "Anund". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved 1 December 2019.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "Om konung Anund". Ynglingaättens historia, Chapter 33. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
^ ^a ^b Ynglingatal at Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages.
^ Storm informs that he has corrected the name to Himinheithi (sky fields) in his edition, instead of the original Himinherthy.
^ Storm, Gustav (editor) (1880). Monumenta historica Norwegiæ: Latinske kildeskrifter til Norges historie i middelalderen, Monumenta Historica Norwegiae (Kristiania: Brøgger), p. 101.
^ Ekrem, Inger (editor), Lars Boje Mortensen (editor) and Peter Fisher (translator) (2003). Historia Norwegie. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-813-5, p. 79.