McArthur is a surname. It comes from the Celtic personal name Arthur. It denotes the 'son of Arthur', which means noble one.

Notable people with the surname include:

• Alexander McArthur (disambiguation)
• Barry McArthur (born 1947), English footballer
• Bruce McArthur (born 1951), Canadian serial killer
• Charles McArthur (1844–1910), British maritime insurance specialist and Liberal Unionist politician from Liverpool, MP between 1897 and 1910
• Daniel McArthur (1867–1943), Scottish footballer
• Duncan McArthur (1772–1839), 11th Governor of Ohio
• Gale McArthur (1929–2020), All-American basketball player
• James McArthur (born 1987), Scottish footballer
• John McArthur (1826–1906), Union general during the American Civil War
• Katherine McArthur (born 1971), American astronaut
• Kathleen McArthur (1915–2000), Australian environmental activist
• Ken McArthur (1881–1960), South African athlete
• Lewis A. McArthur (1883–1951), American businessman, geographer and author
• Lewis Linn McArthur (1843–1897), American newspaper publisher and Oregon Supreme Court Justice
• Nancy McArthur (1931–2020), American children's author
• Reginald McArthur (1954–2018), American singer, member of the R&B group the Controllers
• Stewart McArthur (born 1937), Australian politician
• Wally McArthur (disambiguation)
• William Pope McArthur (1814–1850), a United States Coast Survey officer
• William S. McArthur (born 1951), American astronaut
• Raymond J. McArthur (born 1990), Professional Face Painter