McCallum is a Scottish surname, meaning in Gaelic "Son of Columba". Thought to be a member of the Ui Neill and possibly a member of its sub kingdom the Cenel Eoghain commonly found through Ulster and the western isles of Scotland.

Notable people with the surname include:

• Alison McCallum (born 1951), Australian rock singer
• Andrew McCallum, American computer scientist
• Angela McCallum, Trump campaign executive assistant
• Arnold McCallum (20th century), Northwest Territories politician
• Barney McCallum (1926–2019), given name David Brace McCallum, coinventor of the racket sport pickleball
• Bennett McCallum (1935–2022), American economist
• Collette McCallum (born 1986), Australia women's football player
• Daniel McCallum (1815–1878), railroad engineer and manager
• David McCallum (1933–2023), British actor
• David McCallum, Sr. (1897–1972), British violinist
• David McCallum (sound editor), Canadian film and television sound designer and editor
• David McCallum (wrongful conviction) (born 1969), convicted murderer, exonerated of the charges after 29 years in prison after the murder of Nathan Blenner in 1985
• Don McCallum, artist, historian, and art critic
• Doug McCallum (21st century), former mayor of Surrey, British Columbia
• Dunc McCallum (1940–1983), retired professional ice hockey player
• Duncan McCallum (1888–1958), British Conservative politician
• Eileen McCallum (born 1936), Scottish actress
• Frank McCallum (died 1857), notorious bushranger
• Gavin McCallum (born 1987), Canadian soccer player
• Grace McCallum (born 2002), American artistic gymnast
• Gordon McCallum (1919–1989) American sound engineer
• H. McCallum (20th century), rugby league player
• Henry Edward McCallum (1852–1919), Newfoundland colonial leader
• Hiram E. McCallum (1900–1989), mayor of Toronto, Ontario
• Ian McCallum (born 1965), guitarist
• Jack McCallum, American sports writer
• James McCallum (cyclist) (born 1979), racing cyclist
• James McCallum (politician) (1806–1889), member of the Confederate House of Representatives
• Jay McCallum (born 1960), Louisiana state district court judge and former state representative
• Joanna McCallum (21st century), British theatre, film and television actress
• John McCallum (born 1950), Canadian politician, economist and university professor
• John McCallum (actor) (1918–2010), Australian film actor
• John McCallum (sports writer) (1924–1988)
• Joseph S. McCallum (20th century), Alberta politician
• Karen McCallum, American bridge player
• Lachlin McCallum (1823–1903), Canadian politician
• Lucy McCallum, Australian judge
• Mike McCallum (born 1956), retired boxer
• Napoleon McCallum (born 1963), former professional American football player
• Neil McCallum (disambiguation), multiple people
• Nick McCallum (21st century), Australian journalist
• Pat McCallum (born 1969), curler
• Paul McCallum (Canadian football) (born 1970), professional Canadian football player
• Paul McCallum (footballer), English footballer
• Peter Duncan McCallum (1853–?), Ontario farmer and political figure
• R. B. McCallum (1898–1973), British historian at Oxford University
• Ray McCallum (born 1961), former player and head coach of the University of Detroit's basketball team
• Ray McCallum, Jr. (born 1991), professional NBA basketball player (Sacramento Kings)
• Richard McCallum (born 1984) Jamaican footballer
• Richard McCallum (1863–1940) New Zealand Liberal politician
• Rick McCallum (born 1952), film producer
• Robert McCallum, Jr. (born 1946), United States Ambassador to Australia
• Robert McCallum, Canadian documentary filmmaker
• Robin McCallum (21st century), British weather presenter
• Ron McCallum (born 1948), Australian legal academic
• Sally McCallum (born 1940), retired female track and field athlete
• Scott McCallum (born 1950), 43rd Governor of Wisconsin
• Stephanie McCallum (born 1956), classical pianist
• Thomas McCallum (1860–1938) pastoralist and politician in South Australia
• Trevor McCallum (21st century), former professional soccer player