Norman Alexander MacCaig was born at 15 East London Street, Edinburgh, to Robert McCaig (1880–1950?), a chemist from Dumfriesshire, and Joan née MacLeod (1879–1959), from Scalpay in the Outer Hebrides. He was their fourth child and only son. He attended the Royal High School and in 1928 went to the University of Edinburgh, graduating in 1932 with a degree in classics.^[3] He divided his time, for the rest of his life, between his native city and Assynt in the Scottish Highlands.

During the Second World War MacCaig registered as a conscientious objector, a move that many at the time criticised. Douglas Dunn has suggested that MacCaig's career later suffered as a result of his outspoken pacifism, although there is no evidence of this.^{[citation needed]} For the early part of his working life, he was employed as a school teacher in primary schools. In 1967 he was appointed Fellow in Creative Writing at Edinburgh. He became a reader in poetry in 1970 at the University of Stirling. He spent his summer holidays in Achmelvich, and Inverkirkaig, near Lochinver.^[4]

His first collection, Far Cry, was published in 1943. He continued to publish throughout his lifetime and was prolific in the amount that he produced. After his death a still larger collection of unpublished poems was found. MacCaig often gave public readings of his work in Edinburgh and elsewhere; these were extremely popular and for many people were the first introduction to the poet. His life is also noteworthy for the friendships he had with a number of other Scottish poets, such as Hugh MacDiarmid and Douglas Dunn. He described his own religious beliefs as "Zen Calvinism", a comment typical of his half-humorous, half-serious approach to life.

Early edit

MacCaig's first two books were deeply influenced by the New Apocalypse movement of the thirties and forties, one of a number of literary movements that were constantly coalescing, evolving and dissolving at that time. Later he was to all but disown these works, dismissing them as obscure and meaningless. His poetic rebirth took place with the publication of Riding Lights in 1955. It was a complete contrast to his earlier works, being strictly formal, metrical, rhyming and utterly lucid. The timing of the publication was such that he could have been associated with The Movement, a poetic grouping of poets at just that time. Indeed many of the forms and themes of his work fitted with the ideas of The Movement but he remained separate from that group, perhaps on account of his Scottishness—all of the Movement poets were English. One label that has been attached to MacCaig and one that he seemed to enjoy (as an admirer of John Donne) is Metaphysical.

Later edit

In later years he relaxed some of the formality of his work, losing the rhymes and strict metricality but always strove to maintain the lucidity. He became a free verse poet with the publication of Surroundings in 1966. Seamus Heaney described his work as "an ongoing education in the marvellous possibilities of lyric poetry."^[5] Ted Hughes wrote, "whenever I meet his poems, I'm always struck by their undated freshness, everything about them is alive, as new and essential, as ever."^[6] Another poet, beside Donne, whom MacCaig claimed was a great influence on his work was Louis MacNeice.^{[citation needed]} Although he never lost his sense of humour, much of his very late work, following the death of his wife in 1990, is more sombre in tone. The poems appear to be full of heartbreak but they never become pessimistic.

An example of this is his poem "Praise of a Man" which was quoted by Gordon Brown in the eulogy he gave at the funeral of Robin Cook in 2005:^[7]

The beneficent lights dim
but don't vanish.
The razory edges
dull, but still cut.
He's gone:
but you can see
his tracks still, in the snow of the world.

A verse of MacCaig's poem Moorings is cited on the reverse side of the new 10-pound polymer banknote that was introduced by the Royal Bank of Scotland in 2017.

MacCaig's poems are studied in schools in Scotland at National 5 and Higher levels, the poems which are currently studied are:

• Assisi
• Visiting Hour
• Basking Shark
• Brooklyn Cop
• Hotel Room, 12th Floor
• Aunt Julia

^[8]

• 1985 Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry^[9]
• 1979 Order of the British Empire^[3]
• 1975 Cholmondeley Award^[10]

Poetry edit

• Far Cry. London: Routledge, 1943.
• The Inward Eye. London: Routledge, 1946.
• Riding Lights. London: Hogarth Press, 1955.
• The Sinai Sort. London: Hogarth Press, 1957.
• A Common Grace. London: Chatto & Windus, 1960.
• A Round of Applause. London: Chatto & Windus, 1962.
• Contemporary Scottish Verse, 1959–1969 (Edinburgh: Calder & Boyards, 1970).
• Measures. London: Chatto & Windus, 1965.
• Surroundings. London: Chatto & Windus, 1967.
• Rings on a Tree. Chatto & Windus, 1968.
• Visiting Hour. London: 1968.
• A Man in My Position. London: Chatto & Windus, 1969.
• Selected Poems (1979).
• The White Bird. London: Chatto & Windus, 1973.
• The World's Room. London: Chatto & Windus, 1974.
• Tree of Strings. London: Chatto & Windus, 1977.
• Old Maps and New. London: Chatto & Windus, 1978.
• The Equal Skies. London: Chatto & Windus: Hogarth Press, 1980.
• A World of Difference. London: Chatto & Windus, 1983.
• Voice Over. London: Chatto & Windus, 1989.
• Collected Poems (revised and expanded edn, 1993).
• Assisi. Italy
• An Ordinary Day
• Brooklyn Cop
• Aunt Julia
• Ewen McCaig, ed. (2005). The poems of Norman MacCaig. Polygon. ISBN 978-1-904598-26-8.

Anthologies edit

• Maurice Lindsay, Lesley Duncan, ed. (2006). "No Choice". The Edinburgh book of twentieth-century Scottish poetry. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2015-9.
• Jay Parini, ed. (2005). "Frogs". The Wadsworth anthology of poetry. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4130-0473-1.
• Roderick Watson, ed. (1995). "Summer Farm; Still Life". The poetry of Scotland: Gaelic, Scots, and English, 1380–1980. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-0607-8.
• Robert Atwan, Laurance Wieder, ed. (1993). "Golden Calf". Chapters into verse : poetry in English inspired by the Bible. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506913-6.
• Ian Scott-Kilvert, ed. (1987). British writers. Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-80641-9.
• Macha Louis Rosenthal, ed. (1968). 100 postwar poems, British and American. Macmillan.

• Smith, Iain Crichton (1959), The Poetry of Norman MacCaig, in Reid, Alexander (ed.), Saltire Review, Volume 6, No. 19, Autumn 1959, The Saltire Society, Edinburgh, pp. 20 - 23
• Fulton, Robin (1963), Selves, Myths and Landscapes: The Poetry of Norman MacCaig, in Magnusson, Magnus (ed.). New Saltire No. 10: December 1963, New Saltire Ltd., Edinburgh, pp. 20 - 23
• Ross, Raymond J. (1982), Interview with Norman MacCaig, in Murray, Glen (ed.), Cencrastus No. 8, Spring 1982, pp. 15 & 16, ISSN 0264-0856

• The Write Stuff at National Library of Scotland
• Film interview Norman MacCaig: a man in my position
• MacCaig on BBC.co.uk Archived 29 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine
• Interview with Jennie Renton
• Obituary
• Marjory McNeill (1996). Norman MacCaig: a study of his life and work. Mercat Press. ISBN 978-1-873644-51-5.
• Portrait of Norman MacCaig by Alex Main, Scottish National Portrait Gallery
• Norman MacCaig Collection at the University of Stirling Archive