^Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii (2013). Hawaii's story. David W. Forbes. Honolulu, Hawaii: Hui Hānai. ISBN 978-0-9887278-2-3. OCLC 869268731.
^Kanahele, George S. (1999). Emma : Hawaiʻiʼs remarkable queen : a biography. Honolulu, Hawaii: Queen Emma Foundation. ISBN 0-8248-2234-X. OCLC 40890919.