Voiced retroflex affricate

Summary

The voiced retroflex sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is d̠͡ʐ , sometimes simplified to dʐ  or ꭦ . It occurs in such languages as Polish (the laminal affricate ) and Northwest Caucasian languages (apical).

Retracted
d̠͡ʐ
IPA Number106 (137)
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɖ​͡​ʐ
Unicode (hex)U+0256 U+0361 U+0290
X-SAMPAdz`

Features edit

Features of the voiced retroflex affricate:

Occurrence edit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Asturian Some dialects ḷḷuna ['ɖ͡ʐunä] 'moon' Corresponds to /ʎ/ in other dialects. See Che Vaqueira
Belarusian джаз [ɖ͡ʐas] 'jazz' Laminal. See Belarusian phonology
Chinese Wu [ɖ͡ʐaŋ] 'to grow' Only found in a few Wu dialects.
Some Mandarin speakers 广州 [kwaŋ˨˩ ɖ͡ʐoʊ˥˥] 'Guangzhou'
Khowar[1] ݮنݮیر [ɖ͡ʐanɖ͡ʐer] 'chain' -
Polish Standard[2][3] em [ɖ͡ʐɛm] 'jam' Laminal; it's transcribed /d͡ʒ/ by most Polish scholars. See Polish phonology
Southeastern Cuyavian dialects[4] dzwon [ɖ͡ʐvɔn̪] 'bell' Some speakers. It's a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of /ɖ͡ʐ/ and /d͡z/ into [d͡z].
Suwałki dialect[5]
Northern Qiang vvdhe [ʁɖ͡ʐə] 'star'
Serbo-Croatian[6][7] џеп / ep [ɖ͡ʐê̞p] 'pocket' Apical. It may be palato-alveolar instead, depending on the dialect. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak[8] ús [ɖ͡ʐu̞ːs] 'juice' Laminal.
Torwali[9] حؕىگ [ɖ͡ʐiɡ̥] 'long' Contrasts with a palatal affricate.
Yi / rry [ɖ͡ʐɪ˧] 'tooth'

Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate edit

Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate
d̠͡ɻ̝

Features edit

Occurrence edit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Malagasy[10] [example needed] Also described as regular plosives, trilled affricates and sibilant affricates.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Farid Ahmad Raza,Preliminary Grapheme to Phoneme Khowar Alphabet Chart, Booni Chitral http://www.mahraka.com/pdf/grapheme_to_phoneme.pdf
  2. ^ Jassem (2003:103)
  3. ^ Hamann (2004:65)
  4. ^ "Gwary polskie - Gwara regionu". Archived from the original on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
  5. ^ "Gwary polskie - Szadzenie". Archived from the original on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
  6. ^ Kordić (2006), p. 5.
  7. ^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  8. ^ Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)
  9. ^ Lunsford (2001:16–20)
  10. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 131. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.

References edit

  • Hamann, Silke (2004), "Retroflex fricatives in Slavic languages" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 53–67, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001604
  • Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), "Slovak" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Lunsford, Wayne A. (2001), "An overview of linguistic structures in Torwali, a language of Northern Pakistan" (PDF), M.A. Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington
  • Kordić, Snježana (2006), Serbo-Croatian, Languages of the World/Materials; 148, Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-161-1
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0

External links edit

  • List of languages with [ɖʐ] on PHOIBLE