Summary
1-4-dihydroxy-2-napthoate (DHNA) polyprenyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.74) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 1-4-dihydroxy-2-napthoate + H+ demethylmenaquinol-9 + diphosphate + carbon dioxide
| 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate polyprenyltransferase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 2.5.1.74 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Hence, the 3 substrates of this enzyme are all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate, 1-4-dihydroxy-2-napthoate, and a hydrogen ion, and the three products are demethylmenaquinol-9, diphosphate, and carbon dioxide. However, other substrates this enzyme can use include farnesyl diphosphate or solanesyl diphosphate in replacement of all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.[1]
1-4-dihydroxy-2-napthoate polyprenyltransferase is located at 88 min on the E. coli chromosome while the rest of the genes responsible for the synthesis of menaquinone (Vitamin K) are clustered at 51 min.[2]
This enzyme belongs to the transferase family, specifically transferring alkyl or aryl groups other than methyl groups.[3] Other names for the enzyme include 1-4-dihydroxy-2-napthoate octaprenyltransferase, 1-4-dihydroxy-2-napthoate monoprenyltransferase, and MenA.[1]
Function edit
1-4-dihydroxy-2-napthoate polyprenyltransferase is the 8th out of 9 steps in the biosynthesis of menaquinone (Vitamin K), specifically demethylmenaquinol-9 within ecoli. Vitamin K is a cofactor vital for living and functions as one electron transporter in photosynthesis as a redox molecule.[4] The reactions this enzyme catalyzes works by taking the soluble bicyclic naphthalenoid compound DHNA and converting it into demethylmenaquinone-9 by attaching a 40 carbon side chain to DHNA. However, this enzyme is unique in the sense that it can put different lengths of carbon side chains onto DHNA to produce different demethylmenaquinols and menaquinols.[2]
Other organisms that contain this pathway include Micrococcus luterus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.[1]
Inhibitors and activators edit
Both E. coli and Micrococcus luterus require Mg2+ to work and a pH of 7 in Micrococcus luterus is optimal. EDTA is also an activating compound for the enzyme in Micrococcus luterus at an optimal concentration of 5mM but once it reaches 20mM it becomes an inhibitor and Mg2+ is required to reactivate it.
| Enzyme Inhibitors | Organism |
|---|---|
| (R)-1-(4-((3-((4-chlorophenyl)(methoxyimino)methyl)phenoxy)-methyl)piperidin-1-yl)octan-2-yl carbamate | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| (R)-1-(4-((3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)methyl)piperidin-1-yl)-octan-2-yl carbamate | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| (S)-(2-chloro-4-((1-(2-hydroxyoctyl)piperidin-4-yl)methoxy)-phenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methanone | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| (S)-1-(4-((3-chloro-4-((4-chlorophenyl)(methoxyimino)methyl)-phenoxy)methyl)piperidin-1-yl)octan-2-yl carbamate | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| (S)-1-(4-((3-chloro-4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)methyl)-piperidin-1-yl)octan-2-yl carbamate | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Ca2+ | Micrococcus luterus |
| EDTA | Micrococcus luterus |
Location edit
The location of 1-4-dihydroxy-2-napthoate polyprenyltransferase is within the membrane.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d "Information on EC 2.5.1.74 - 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate polyprenyltransferase". BRENDA database. 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ a b Suvarna K, Stevenson D, Meganathan R, Hudspeth ME (May 1998). "Menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis: localization and characterization of the menA gene from Escherichia coli". Journal of Bacteriology. 180 (10): 2782–7. doi:10.1128/jb.180.10.2782-2787.1998. PMC 107237. PMID 9573170.
- ^ "The Enzyme List Class 2 — Transferases". ExplorEnz: Enzyme Database. 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ van Oostende C, Widhalm JR, Furt F, Ducluzeau AL, Basset GJ (2011). Rébeillé F, Douce R (eds.). "Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1): function, enzymes and genes". Advances in Botanical Research (59). Amsterdam: Academic Press: 229–61.