• September 21 – Luther Bible: Martin Luther's translation of the Bible's New Testament into Early New High German from Greek, Das newe Testament Deutzsch, is published in Germany, selling thousands in the first few weeks.
• Luo Guanzhong's 14th-century compilation Romance of the Three Kingdoms is first printed, as Sanguozhi Tongsu Yanyi.

Prose edit

• Desiderius Erasmus – Novum Testamentum (Greek Textus Receptus of the New Testament, third edition)
• Martin Luther – Against Henry, King of the English (Contra Henricum Regem Anglie)
• Adam Ries – Rechenung auff der Linihen und Federn

Drama edit

• Niklaus Manuel Deutsch I – Vom Papst und Christi Gegensatz
• The World and the Child (Mundus et Infans, published)

Poetry edit

• Thomas Murner – Von dem grossen Lutherischen Narren ("Of the Great Lutheran Fool")^[1]

• February – Jean de Nostredame, Provençal historian (died c.1576)
• June 1 – Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert, Dutch classical scholar (died 1590)
• unknown dates
  • Joachim du Bellay, French poet (died 1560)^[2]
  • Siôn Tudur, Welsh poet (died 1602)

• January 25 – Raffaello Maffei, Italian humanist historian and theologian (born 1451)^[3]
• February 25 – William Lilye, English classical scholar (born c. 1468)
• June 30 – Johann Reuchlin, German humanist scholar and poet (born 1455)
• September – Gavin Douglas, Scottish poet and bishop (born c. 1474)^[4]