• March – After the death of Richard Burbage, his place as leading actor of the King's Men in London is filled by Joseph Taylor.
• April – Ben Jonson visits the Scottish poet William Drummond of Hawthornden.
• c. October – After the death of Samuel Daniel in Somerset, his place as Poet Laureate of the Kingdom of England is filled by Ben Jonson.
• unknown dates
  • René Descartes has a dream that helps him develop his ideas on analytical geometry.^[1]
  • William Jaggard and Thomas Pavier publish in London the so-called False Folio, a collection of Shakespearean and pseudo-Shakespearean plays mostly with false imprints and dates.^[2]

Prose edit

• Johannes Valentinus Andreae
  • Reipublicae Christianopolitanae descriptio^[3]
  • Turris Babel
• Jacob Boehme – De Tribus Principiis (On the Three Principles of Divine Being)
• Philipp Clüver
  • Sardinia et Corsica Antiqua
  • Siciliae Antique libri duo
• Robert Fludd – Utriusque Cosmi...Historia, Tomi Secundi (The History of the Two Worlds, Volume 2)
• Johannes Kepler – Harmonices Mundi (an attack on Fludd's Neoplatonist cosmology)
• John Pitseus – De Illustribus Angliae scriptoribus
• Samuel Purchas – Purchas his Pilgrim or Microcosmus, or the Historie of Man. Relating the Wonders of his Generation, Vanities in his Degeneration, Necessities of his Regenerations
• Paolo Sarpi – History of the Council of Trent
• John Taylor – A Kicksey Winsey, or, A Lerry Come-Twang
• William Whately – A Bride-Bvsh; or a Direction for Married Persons. Plainely describing the Dvties common to both, and peculiar to each of them

Drama edit

• Anonymous – Two Wise Men and All the Rest Fools (published)
• Beaumont and Fletcher (published)
  • A King and No King
  • The Maid's Tragedy
• Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero
  • De klucht van de koe
  • Stommen ridder
• Lope de Vega – Fuente Ovejuna (published)
• John Fletcher – The Humorous Lieutenant
• John Fletcher and Philip Massinger – Sir John van Olden Barnavelt
• Philip Massinger and Nathan Field – The Fatal Dowry (approximate date)
• Thomas Middleton – The Masque of Heroes

Poetry edit

• Robert Carliell – Britaine's glorie, or An allegoricall dreame... (a defence of the new Church of England)
• George Wither – Fidelia

• March 6 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier and poet (died 1655)
• June 24 – Rijcklof van Goens, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies 1678–81 and travel writer (died 1682)
• November 7 – Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, French biographer (died 1692)
• December 28 – Antoine Furetière, French satirist (died 1688)
• unknown dates
  • Morgan Llwyd, Welsh preacher, poet and writer (died 1659)^[4]
  • Shalom Shabazi, Jewish Yemeni poet (died 1720)
• probable
  • William Chamberlayne, English poet, playwright, physician and Royalist soldier (died 1703)
  • Alice Curwen, English autobiographer and Quaker (died 1679)
  • Henry (Heinrich) Oldenburg, German-born editor, correspondent and Royal Society secretary (died 1677)

• February 9 – Lucilio Vanini, Italian philosopher (born 1585)
• February 12 – Pierre de Larivey, Italian-born French dramatist (born 1549)^[5]
• March 13 – Richard Burbage, English actor and theatre proprietor (born c. 1567)
• July 12 – Olivier de Serres, French writer on agriculture and horticulture (born 1539)
• October 14 – Samuel Daniel, English Poet Laureate and historian (born 1562)
• October 18 – Petrus Gudelinus, Dutch jurist (born 1550)^[6]
• October 19 – Fujiwara Seika, Japanese philosopher (born 1561)

probable

• • Ginés Pérez de Hita, Spanish novelist and poet (born c. 1544)
  • Pierre de La Primaudaye, French Protestant writer (born 1546)^[7]