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1844 in literature 
Summary
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1844.
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Events edit
- January 4 – Swedish-language newspaper Saima, founded by J. V. Snellman, is published for the first time, in Finland.[1][2]
- February 5 – The first three of many theatrical adaptations of A Christmas Carol open in London.[3]
- March–July – Alexandre Dumas père's historical adventure story The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires) is serialised in the Paris newspaper Le Siècle.[4]
- August 28 – Alexandre Dumas père's near-recent historical adventure story The Count of Monte Cristo (Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) begins serialization in the Paris newspaper Journal des débats, and continues through to January 1846. Book publication also begins this year.
- October – George W. M. Reynolds begins publication of the bestselling "penny dreadful" city mysteries series The Mysteries of London.
- Autumn – Margaret Fuller joins Horace Greeley's New-York Tribune as literary critic, becoming the first full-time female book reviewer in American journalism.
- December 2 – Emily Brontë writes the poem "A Death-Scene".[5]
- unknown date – The first volumes of Patrologia Latina, a 217-volume collection of works in Latin, are published in Paris by Jacques Paul Migne. These include the writings of Tertullian and Cyprian, among other authors.
New books edit
Fiction edit
- José de Alencar – Os contrabandistas (unpublished, lost)
- Honoré de Balzac – Les Paysans
- Charles Dickens
- The Chimes
- Martin Chuzzlewit (serial publication ends)
- Benjamin Disraeli – Coningsby
- Alexandre Dumas
- Charles Lever – Tom Burke of Ours
- Joaquim Manuel de Macedo – A Moreninha
- Edgar Allan Poe – short stories
- G. W. M. Reynolds – The Mysteries of London
- Eugène Sue – The Wandering Jew (Le Juif Errant)
- William Makepeace Thackeray – The Luck of Barry Lyndon
- Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna – The Wrongs of Women
- Charlotte Mary Yonge – Abbeychurch, or, Self Control and Self Conceit
Children and young people edit
- Hans Christian Andersen – New Fairy Tales. First Volume. Second Collection (Nye Eventyr. Første Bind. Anden Samling) comprising "The Fir-Tree" ("Grantræet") and "The Snow Queen" ("Snedronningen")
- Heinrich Hoffmann – Struwwelpeter
- Frederick Marryat – Settlers in Canada
- Elizabeth Missing Sewell – Amy Herbert
Drama edit
- Émile Augier – La Ciguë[6]
- Dimitrija Demeter – Teuta
- Gustav Freytag – Die Brautfahrt, oder Kunz von der Rosen
- Catherine Gore – Quid Pro Quo
- Christian Friedrich Hebbel – Maria Magdalene
- William H. Smith – The Drunkard[7]
- José Zorilla – Don Juan Tenorio
Poetry edit
- Elizabeth Barrett Browning – Poems
- Lydia Maria Child – "Over the River and Through the Wood"
- Heinrich Heine – Neue Gedichte[8]
- James Russell Lowell – Poems
- Coventry Patmore – Poems
Non-fiction edit
- Robert Chambers (anonymously) – Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
- Joseph Ennemoser – Geschichte der Magie (History of Magic)
- Søren Kierkegaard (as Vigilius Haufniensis) – The Concept of Anxiety (Begrebet Angest)
- Karl Marx – "On the Jewish Question" ("Zur Judenfrage")
- John Stuart Mill – Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy
- William Smith (editor) – Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
- Arthur Penrhyn Stanley – Life of Arnold
- Max Stirner – The Ego and Its Own (Der Einzige und sein Eigentum)
- Henry Fox Talbot – The Pencil of Nature (first book illustrated with photographs from a camera)
Births edit
- January 2 – Emeline Harriet Howe, American writer and social activist (died 1934)
- January 8 – Sarah Carmichael Harrell, American educator, reformer, and writer (died 1929)
- January 14 – Susan F. Ferree, American writer and activist (died 1910)
- February 25 – Alice Diehl (née Mangold), English novelist and concert pianist (died 1912)[9]
- March 19 – Minna Canth, Finnish writer and social activist (died 1897)[10]
- March 30 – Paul Verlaine, French lyric poet (died 1896)
- April 2 – George Haven Putnam, American author, publisher (died 1930)
- April 16 – Anatole France, French writer (died 1924)[11]
- April 12 – Mollie Evelyn Moore Davis, American poet, writer, and editor (died 1909)
- May 9 – Sarah Newcomb Merrick, American teacher, writer, and physician (unknown year of death)
- June 28 – John Boyle O'Reilly, Irish-born poet, journalist and fiction writer (died 1890)[12]
- July 8 – Janet Milne Rae, Scottish novelist (died 1933)[13]
- July 21 – Matilda Maranda Crawford, American-Canadian writer and poet (died 1920)
- July 22 – William Archibald Spooner, English academic and instigator of spoonerisms (died 1930)
- July 28 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (died 1889)[14]
- August 29 – Edward Carpenter, English socialist poet and philosopher (died 1929)[15]
- September 9 – Maurice Thompson, American novelist (died 1901)
- October 1 – H. Maria George Colby, American author of novelettes and juvenile literature (died 1910)
- October 6 – Margret Holmes Bates, American novelist and poet (died 1927)
- October 15 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher (died 1900)[16]
- October 22 or 23 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (died 1923)
- October 23
- Robert Bridges, English poet (died 1930)[17]
- Laura Rosamond White, American author, poet, editor (died 1922)
- October 25 – Joseph Marmette, Canadian novelist and historian (died 1895)
- October 27 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist (died 1916)
- November 21 – Ada Cambridge, English/Australian writer and poet (died 1926)[18]
- December 13 – Catharine H. T. Avery, American author, editor, and educator (died 1911)
- December 27 – Lisa Anne Fletcher, American poet and correspondent (died 1905)
- unknown dates
- Mrs. Lovett Cameron (Caroline "Emily" Sharp), English romantic novelist (died 1921)[19]
- Evelyn Whitaker, English children's writer (died 1929)
Deaths edit
- January 4 – Maria Hack, English educational writer (born 1777)
- January 27 – Charles Nodier, French novelist (born 1780)[20]
- February 11 – Tamenaga Shunsui, Japanese novelist (born 1790)
- February 12 – Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek, Czech dramatist (born 1783)
- May 2 – William Thomas Beckford, English novelist and travel writer (born 1760)
- June 11 – Urban Jarnik, Slovene poet and historian (born 1784)
- June 15 – Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (born 1777)
- July 11 – Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet and philosopher (born 1800)
- August 14 – Henry Cary, Gibraltar-born Irish author and translator (born 1772)
- September 18 – John Sterling, Scottish novelist and poet (born 1806)
- October 28 – Sándor Kisfaludy, Hungarian poet and dramatist (born 1772)[21]
- November 4 – Barbara Hofland, English children's and schoolbook author (born 1770)
- November 21 – Ivan Krylov, Russian fabulist (born 1769)
- December 27 – John Caradja, Greek Prince of Wallachia, translator and theatrical promoter (asthma, born 1754)
Awards edit
- Chancellor's Gold Medal – Edward Bickersteth, "The Tower of London"[22]
- Newdigate Prize – Evgeny Baratynsky
References edit
- ^ "Saima". Digital Collections. The National Library of Finland. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Saima nro 1, 4.1.1844". Selected Works of J V. Snellman. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ Standiford, Les (2008). The Man Who Invented Christmas: How Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol Rescued His Career and Revived Our Holiday Spirits. New York: Crown. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-307-40578-4.
- ^ Christopher John Murray (2004). Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760-1850. Taylor & Francis. p. 1158. ISBN 978-1-57958-422-1.
- ^ Hatfield, C. W., ed. (1941). The Complete Poems of Emily Jane Brontë. Columbia University Press.
- ^ David Coward. A History of French Literature. Ardent Media. p. 779.
- ^ Ron Engle; Tice L. Miller (6 May 1993). The American Stage. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-521-41238-4.
- ^ Jeffrey L. Sammons (1979). Heinrich Heine: A Modern Biography. Princeton University Press. pp. 275–278.
- ^ Alice Mangold Diehl (1908). The True Story of My Life: An Autobiography by Alice M. Diehl, Novelist-writer-musician, with a Photogravure Portrait. J. Lane. p. 4.
- ^ Maijala, Minna. "Minna Canth (1844–1897)". Klassikkogalleria. Kristiina Institute, University of Helsinki. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ^ Roche, James Jeffrey (1 January 1891). "Life of John Boyle O'Reilly". Mershon. p. 79. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017 – via Google Books.
- ^ "British Women Writers of Fiction". Furrowed Middlebrow. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ Gerard Manley Hopkins (1960). Gerard Manley Hopkins. Ardent Media. p. 1.
- ^ Chushichi Tsuzuki (15 September 2005). Edward Carpenter 1844-1929: Prophet of Human Fellowship. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-521-01959-0.
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1996). Selected Letters of Friedrich Nietzsche. Hackett Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 0-87220-358-1.
- ^ Lee Templin Hamilton (1991). Robert Bridges: An Annotated Bibliography, 1873-1988. University of Delaware Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-87413-364-6.
- ^ William Fleming Stevenson (1873). Hymns for the Church and Home. H. S. King. p. 85.
- ^ John Sutherland (13 October 2014). The Longman Companion to Victorian Fiction. Routledge. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-317-86333-5.
- ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nodier, Charles". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 731.
- ^ Albert Tezla (1970). Hungarian Authors; a Bibliographical Handbook. Harvard University Press. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-674-42650-4.
- ^ University of Cambridge (1859). A Complete Collection of the English Poems which Have Obtained the Chancellor's Gold Medal in the University of Cambridge. Macmillan. pp. 15, 247.
