• Monarch – Frederick VII^[1]
• Prime minister – Adam Wilhelm Moltke (until 27 January ), Christian Albrecht Bluhme

• 7 May – The Den Borgerlige Velgørenheds Stiftelse is founded.
• 8 May – The London Protocol is signed in London, affirming the integrity of the Danish federation as a "European necessity and standing principle".
• 4 August – The 1852 Danish Folketing election is held: Although the National Liberal Party becomes the largest party, Christian Albrecht Bluhme of the Højre party remains Prime Minister after the elections.

Undated edit

• Tvede's Brewery on Vesterbrogade is inaugurated.

January–March edit

• 21 January – Emma Gad, writer (died 1921)
• 1 March – Martin Borch, architect (died 1937)
• 12 February – John Louis Emil Dreyerm astronomer (died 1926)
• 7 March – Anders Fonnesbech, businessman (died 1939)^[2]

April–June edit

• 25 May – Christian Hedemann, photographer (died 1932)

July–September edit

• 8 August – Malthe Engelsted, painter (died 1930)
• 14 August – Carl Aarsleff, sculptor (died 1918)
• 10 September – Hans Niels Andersen, businessman, founder of East Asiatic Company (died 1937)

October–December edit

• 20 October – Valdemar Koch, architect (died 1902)
• 28 December – Kristian Erslev, historian (died 1930)

January–March edit

• 21 March – Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen Consort of Denmark (born 1767)

April–June edit

• 28 April – Joakim Frederik Schouw, lawyer, botanist and politician (born 1789)

July–September edit

• 15 September – Johan Caspar Mylius, military officer and landowner (born 1776)

October–December edit

• 31 October – Andreas Schifter (born 1779)
• 4 November – Dankvart Dreyer, painter (born 1816)
• 24 November – Margrethe Schall, dancer (born 1775)