1884 United States House of Representatives elections

Summary

The 1884 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1884, with four states holding theirs early between June and October. They coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland. Elections were held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 49th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.

1884 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1882 November 4, 1884[a] 1886 →

All 325 seats in the United States House of Representatives
163 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John G. Carlisle Thomas Brackett Reed
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seat Kentucky 6th Maine 1st
Last election 196 seats 117 seats
Seats won 182[1][b] 141[1][b]
Seat change Decrease 14 Increase 24
Popular vote 4,954,599 4,665,184
Percentage 50.05% 47.13%
Swing Increase 1.15% Increase 5.52%

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Greenback Independent
Last election 2 seats 5 seats[c]
Seats won 1[1][b] 1[d]
Seat change Decrease 1 Decrease 4
Popular vote 105,668 78,972
Percentage 1.07% 0.80%
Swing Decrease 1.99% Decrease 2.68%

Elections results from the 1884 elections

Speaker before election

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

Elected Speaker

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

In spite of Cleveland's victory, the opposition Republican Party gained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but the Democratic Party retained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by the Panic of 1884, but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly.

Election summaries edit

183 1 141
Democratic [e] Republican
State Type Total
seats
Democratic Republican Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 8 8   0   0  
Arkansas District[f] 5 5   0   0  
California District[f] 6 1   5 5   5 0  
Colorado At-large 1 0   1   0  
Connecticut District 4 2   1 2   1 0  
Delaware At-large 1 1   0   0  
Florida District 2 2   1 0   1 0  
Georgia District[f] 10 10   0   0  
Illinois District 20 10   1 10   1 0  
Indiana District 13 9   4   0  
Iowa District 11 3   1 7   1 1[g]  
Kansas District[f] 7 0   7   0  
Kentucky District 11 10   1 1   1 0  
Louisiana District 6 5   1   0  
Maine[h] District[i] 4 0   4   0  
Maryland District 6 5   1 1   1 0  
Massachusetts District 12 2   1 10   1 0  
Michigan District 11 7   1 4   1 0  
Minnesota District 5 0   5   0  
Mississippi District 7 7   2 0   1 0   1[j]
Missouri District 14 12   2 2   2 0  
Nebraska District 3 0   3   0  
Nevada At-large 1 0   1 1   1 0  
New Hampshire District 2 0   2   0  
New Jersey District 7 3   4   0  
New York District[f] 34 17[d]   4 17   4 0  
North Carolina District[f] 9 8   1 1   1 0  
Ohio[h] District 21 11   2 10   2 0  
Oregon[h] At-large 1 0   1   0  
Pennsylvania District
+ at-large
28 8   4 20   5 0   1[g]
Rhode Island District 2 0   2   0  
South Carolina District 7 6   1   0  
Tennessee District 10 7   1 3   1 0  
Texas District 11 11   1 0   0   1[j]
Vermont[h] District 2 0   2   0  
Virginia District[f] 10 8   2 2   2 0   4[k]
West Virginia District 4 3   1   0  
Wisconsin District 9 2   4 7   4 0  
Total 325 183[1][d]
56.3%
  12 141[1]
43.4%
  19 1[1]
0.6%
  7
Popular vote
Democratic
50.05%
Republican
47.13%
Greenback
1.07%
Independent
0.80%
Others
0.95%
House seats
Democratic
56.00%
Republican
43.38%
Greenback
0.31%
Independent
0.31%
 
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+ to 80% Democratic
  60+ to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
 
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Early election dates edit

In 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early:

Special elections edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 7 Edmund W. M. Mackey Republican 1880 Incumbent died January 27, 1884.
New member elected March 18, 1884.
Republican hold.
Iowa 7
Indiana 13 William H. Calkins Republican 1876 Incumbent resigned October 20, 1884.
New member elected November 4, 1884.
Anti-Monopoly gain.
Successor had not been a candidate for the next term; see below.
South Carolina 4 John H. Evins Democratic 1876 Incumbent died October 20, 1884.
New member elected November 12, 1884.
Democratic hold.
Successor had not been a candidate for the next term; see below.
Kansas 2

Alabama edit

Arkansas edit

California edit

Two new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating the at-large district that had been created for them.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Barclay Henley
Redistricted from the 2nd district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Barclay Henley (Democratic) 49.7%
  • Thomas L. Carothers (Republican) 49.3%
  • C. C. Bateman (Prohibition) 1%
California 2 Charles A. Sumner
Redistricted from the at-large district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain
California 3 John R. Glascock
Redistricted from the at-large district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain
California 4 William Rosecrans
Redistricted from the 1st district
Democratic 1880 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain
  •  Y William W. Morrow (Republican) 58.8%
  • R. P. Hastings (Democratic) 40.7%
  • H. S. Fitch (Populist) 0.5%
  • George Babcock (Prohibition) 0.0%
California 5 Pleasant B. Tully
Redistricted from the 4th district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain
  •  Y Charles N. Felton (Republican) 48.8%
  • Frank J. Sullivan (Democratic) 48.4%
  • C. Henderson (Prohibition) 1.4%
  • A. E. Redstone (Independent) 1.4%
California 6 None (District created) New seat
Republican gain
  •  Y Henry H. Markham (Republican) 49.1%
  • R. F. Del Valle (Democratic) 47.9%
  • Will D. Gould (Prohibition) 2.3%
  • Isaac Kinley (Populist) 0.7%

Colorado edit

Connecticut edit

Delaware edit

Florida edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Horatio Bisbee Jr. Republican 1880 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain

Georgia edit

Illinois edit

Indiana edit

Iowa edit

Kansas edit

Kentucky edit

Louisiana edit

Maine edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1 Thomas B. Reed
Redistricted from the at-large district
Republican 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Thomas B. Reed (Republican) 51.03%
  • Nathan Cleeves (Democratic) 48.35%
  • Aaron Clark (Greenback) 0.55%
Maine 2 Nelson Dingley Jr.
Redistricted from the at-large district
Republican 1881 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Nelson Dingley Jr. (Republican) 55.10%
  • David R. Hastings (Democratic) 39.76%
  • Wilder W. Perry (Greenback) 4.39%
  • Reuben S. Hunt (Prohibition) 0.75%
Maine 3 Seth L. Milliken
Redistricted from the at-large district
Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Seth L. Milliken (Republican) 58.37%
  • Daniel H. Thing (Democratic) 40.30%
  • Luther C. Bateman (Greenback) 0.95%
  • Joseph E. Ladd (Prohibition) 0.37%
Maine 4 Charles A. Boutelle
Redistricted from the at-large district
Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Charles A. Boutelle (Republican) 56.65%
  • John F. Lynch (Democratic) 40.85%
  • Seth B. Sprague (Prohibition) 1.71%
  • Charles B. Besse (Greenback) 0.79%

Maryland edit

Massachusetts edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Robert T. Davis Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Robert T. Davis (Republican) 66.53%
  • Weston Howland (Democratic) 25.08%
  • T. Dwight Stow (Democratic) 4.92%
  • Edward H. Hatfield (Prohibition) 3.47%
Massachusetts 2 John Davis Long Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John Davis Long (Republican) 53.00%
  • William Everett (Democratic) 34.30%
  • Edgar E. Dean (Greenback) 9.27%
  • George Buttrick (Prohibition) 3.43%
Massachusetts 3 Ambrose A. Ranney Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Ambrose A. Ranney (Republican) 53.00%
  • Horatio E. Swasey (Democratic) 36.05%
  • Eleazer B. Loring (Greenback) 9.40%
  • John W. Field (Prohibition) 1.54%
Massachusetts 4 Patrick A. Collins Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5 Leopold Morse Democratic 1876 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Massachusetts 6 Henry B. Lovering Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 7 Eben F. Stone Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Eben F. Stone (Republican) 47.90%
  • Richard S. Spofford (Democratic) 36.95%
  • John I. Baker (Greenback) 15.16%
Massachusetts 8 William A. Russell Republican 1878 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  •  Y Charles Herbert Allen (Republican) 53.75%
  • Charles S. Lilley (Democratic) 40.16%
  • Hiram W. Eastman (Greenback) 4.49%
  • John W. Reed (Prohibition) 1.61%
Massachusetts 9 Theodore Lyman III Independent Republican 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  •  YFrederick D. Ely (Republican) 47.41%
  • Henry E. Fales (Democratic) 24.35%
  • Theodore Lyman III (Ind. Republican) 16.47%
  • Henry E. Lemon (Greenback) 9.39%
  • Edmund M. Stowe (Prohibition) 2.38%
Massachusetts 10 William W. Rice Republican 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y William W. Rice (Republican) 58.78%
  • James E. Eastbrook (Democratic) 27.62%
  • James H. Mellen (Greenback) 11.12%
  • William H. Earle (Prohibition) 2.48%
Massachusetts 11 William Whiting II Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y William Whiting II (Republican) 60.01%
  • David Hill (Democratic) 34.04%
  • James Oliver (Greenback) 3.21%
  • Wilbur F. Whitney (Prohibition) 2.74%
Massachusetts 12 Francis W. Rockwell Republican Jan. 1884 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Francis W. Rockwell (Republican) 51.78%
  • Jarvis N. Dunham (Democratic) 43.20%
  • Joseph D. Cadle (Greenback) 3.40%
  • John Blackmer (Prohibition) 1.75%

Michigan edit

Minnesota edit

Mississippi edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 Henry L. Muldrow Democratic 1876 Incumbent retired to become First Assistant Secretary of the Interior.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  •  Y John M. Allen (Democratic) 81.70%
  • Green C. Chandler (Republican) 18.30%[5]
Mississippi 2 James R. Chalmers Independent 1882[l] Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 3 Elza Jeffords Republican 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 4 Hernando Money Democratic 1874 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 5 Otho R. Singleton Democratic 1874 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6 Henry S. Van Eaton Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 7 Ethelbert Barksdale Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

Missouri edit

Nebraska edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska 1 Archibald J. Weaver Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Archibald J. Weaver (Republican) 49.95%
  • Charles H. Brown (Democratic) 47.80%
  • E. J. O'Neil (Prohibition) 2.26%[12]
Nebraska 2 James Laird Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y James Laird (Republican) 52.94%
  • J. H. Stickel (Democratic) 44.12%
  • B. Crabb (Prohibition) 2.94%[13]
Nebraska 3 Edward K. Valentine Republican 1878 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Nevada edit

New Hampshire edit

New Jersey edit

New York edit

North Carolina edit

Ohio edit

Oregon edit

Pennsylvania edit

Rhode Island edit

South Carolina edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Samuel Dibble Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Samuel Dibble (Democratic) 73.5%
  • W. N. Taft (Republican) 26.5%
South Carolina 2 George D. Tillman Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y George D. Tillman (Democratic) 84.4%
  • E. J. Dickerson (Republican) 14.2%
  • Others 1.4%
South Carolina 3 D. Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y D. Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 93.5%
  • John R. Tolbert (Republican) 6.5%
South Carolina 4 John H. Evins Democratic 1876 Incumbent died October 20, 1884.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Winner was not elected to finish the current term.
South Carolina 5 John J. Hemphill Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John J. Hemphill (Democratic) 74.5%
  • C. C. Macoy (Republican) 21.8%
  • Others 3.7%
South Carolina 6 George W. Dargan Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y George W. Dargan (Democratic) 74.0%
  • Edmund H. Deas (Republican) 23.3%
  • Others 2.7%
South Carolina 7 Robert Smalls Republican 1884 (special) Incumbent re-elected.

Tennessee edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Augustus H. Pettibone Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2 Leonidas C. Houk Republican 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 3 George G. Dibrell Democratic 1874 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 Richard Warner Democratic 1880 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  •  Y James D. Richardson (Democratic) 58.46%
  • James A. Warder (Republican) 31.43%
  • Matt Martin (Ind. Democratic) 8.28%
  • J. R. Beasley (Ind. Greenback) 1.83%[19]
Tennessee 6 Andrew J. Caldwell Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 John G. Ballentine Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 8 John M. Taylor Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 9 Rice A. Pierce Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 10 H. Casey Young Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Texas edit

Vermont edit

Virginia edit

West Virginia edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 Nathan Goff Jr. Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia 2 William L. Wilson Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia 3 Charles P. Snyder Democratic 1883 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia 4 Eustace Gibson Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin edit

Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1884.[29][30]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 John Winans Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 2 Daniel H. Sumner Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  •  Y Edward S. Bragg (Democratic) 55.4%
  • Samuel S. Barney (Republican) 41.5%
  • Terah J. Patchen (Prohibition) 1.9%
  • William M. Jones (Greenback) 1.2%
Wisconsin 3 Burr W. Jones Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 4 Peter V. Deuster Democratic 1878 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 5 Joseph Rankin Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Joseph Rankin (Democratic) 59.2%
  • Charles Luling (Republican) 38.5%
  • John E. Thomas (Greenback) 1.6%
  • D. I. Miller (Prohibition) 0.4%
  • William Miller (Write-in) 0.2%
Wisconsin 6 Richard W. Guenther Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 7 Gilbert M. Woodward Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 8 William T. Price Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 9 Isaac Stephenson Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

Non-voting delegates edit

Idaho Territory edit

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho Territory at-large Theodore F. Singiser Republican 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New delegate elected.
Democratic gain.

Montana Territory edit

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana Territory at-large Martin Maginnis Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic hold.

Wyoming Territory edit

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Wyoming Territory at-large Morton E. Post Democratic 1880 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Republican gain.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Four states held early elections between June 2 and October 14.
  2. ^ a b c Dubin (p. 271) counts 182 Democrats, 142 Republicans, and 1 Greenback at the start of the 49th United States Congress.
  3. ^ Included 2 Independent Democrats and 1 Independent Republican.
  4. ^ a b c Includes 1 Independent Democrat, Truman A. Merriman of NY-11.
  5. ^ There was 1 Greenback member.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
  7. ^ a b Greenback Party
  8. ^ a b c d Elections held early.
  9. ^ Changed from at-large.
  10. ^ a b Independent in previous election.
  11. ^ Readjuster Party
  12. ^ Initial victor was Van. H. Manning, but election was overturned in 1884.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Martis, pp. 138–139.
  2. ^ "SC - District 07 Special Election". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Our Campaigns - IN - District 13 Special Election Race - Nov 04, 1884". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 04 Special Election Race - Nov 12, 1884".
  5. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  6. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  7. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  8. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  9. ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  10. ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  11. ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  12. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 4, 1884". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  13. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 4, 1884". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  14. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 4, 1884". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  15. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  16. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  17. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  18. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  19. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  20. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  21. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  22. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  23. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  24. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  25. ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  26. ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  27. ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  28. ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  29. ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2021 – via Wayback Machine.
  30. ^ Heg, J. E., ed. (1885). "Biographical" (PDF). The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 413–415. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  31. ^ "ID Territorial Delegate". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  32. ^ "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1884". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  33. ^ "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 11 April 2021.

Bibliography edit

  • Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
  • Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
  • "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links edit

  • Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)