German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Reinhold Kraetke (Landeshauptleute of the German New Guinea Company) to 31 October, then Fritz Rose (acting commissioner) from 1 November
^Biro, Matthew (2009). The Dada Cyborg: Visions of the New Human in Weimar Berlin. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-81663-620-4.