1898 United States House of Representatives elections

Summary

The 1898 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1898, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They were held during the middle of President William McKinley's first term. Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 56th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.

1898 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1896 June 6, September 6, September 12, and November 8, 1898[a] 1900 →

All 357 seats in the United States House of Representatives
179 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader David Henderson James Richardson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1899 March 4, 1899
Leader's seat Iowa 3rd Tennessee 5th
Last election 206 seats 124 seats
Seats won 187[1] 161[1]
Seat change Decrease 19 Increase 37
Popular vote 5,305,230 4,828,592
Percentage 48.55% 44.18%
Swing Decrease 0.22% Increase 3.19%

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Populist Silver Republican
Last election 22 2
Seats won 5[1] 2[1]
Seat change Decrease 17 Steady
Popular vote 463,059 60,805
Percentage 4.24% 0.56%
Swing Decrease 2.62% Decrease 0.46%

  Fifth party Sixth party
 
Party Silver Independent
Last election 1 1
Seats won 1[1] 1[b]
Seat change Steady Steady
Popular vote 5,766 96,537
Percentage 0.05% 0.88%
Swing Steady Increase 0.31%

Speaker before election

Thomas Reed
Republican

Elected Speaker

David Henderson
Republican

As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats, but was able to hold a majority over the Democratic Party. The Populist Party also lost many seats, as their movement began to decline. This was likely because many Populists rallied behind William Jennings Bryan's increasingly powerful branch of the Democratic Party, which built the rural economic issues advocated by Populists into their platform. As a result, the Democrats won a number of Western seats as well many in the Mid-Atlantic.

Election summaries edit

161 9 187
Democratic [c] Republican
State Type Total
seats
Democratic Populist Republican Silver/
Silver Rep.
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 9 8   1 0   1 1   0  
Arkansas District 6 6   0   0   0  
California District 7 1   1 0   2 6   3 0  
Colorado District 2 0   1   0   1[d]  
Connecticut District 4 0   0   4   0  
Delaware At-large 1 0   1 0   1   1 0  
Florida District 2 2   0   0   0  
Georgia District 11 11   0   0   0  
Idaho At-large 1 0   0   1 0   1[d]   1
Illinois District 22 8   3 0   14   3 0  
Indiana District 13 4   0   9   0  
Iowa District 11 0   0   11   0  
Kansas District
+at-large
8 0   1   5 7   5 0  
Kentucky District 11 9   2 0   2   2 0  
Louisiana District 6 6   0   0   0  
Maine District 4 0   0   4   0  
Maryland District 6 2   2 0   4   2 0  
Massachusetts District 13 3   2 0   10   2 0  
Michigan District 12 0   2 0   12   2 0  
Minnesota District 7 0   0   7   0  
Mississippi District 7 7   0   0   0  
Missouri District 15 12   0   3   0  
Montana At-large 1 1   1 0   0   0   1
Nebraska District 6 1   1 3   1 2   0  
Nevada At-large 1 0   0   0   1  
New Hampshire District 2 0   0   2   0  
New Jersey District 8 2   2 0   6   2 0  
New York District 34 18   12 0   16   12 0  
North Carolina District 9 5   4 1[e]   4 3   1 0  
North Dakota At-large 1 0   0   1   0  
Ohio District 21 6   0   15   0  
Oregon District 2 0   0   2   0  
Pennsylvania District
+2 at-large
30 10   7 0   20   7 0  
Rhode Island District 2 0   0   2   0  
South Carolina District 7 7   0   0   0  
South Dakota At-large 2 0   0   2 2   2 0  
Tennessee District 10 8   0   2   0  
Texas District 13 12   0   1   0  
Utah At-large 1 1   0   0   0  
Vermont District 2 0   0   2   0  
Virginia District 10 10   4 0   0   4 0  
Washington At-large 2 0   1 0   2   2 0   1
West Virginia District 4 1   1 0   3   1 0  
Wisconsin District 10 0   0   10   0  
Wyoming At-large 1 0   1 0   1   1 0  
Total 357 161
45.1%
  37 6[e]
1.7%
  16 187
52.4%
  20 3[f]
0.8%
  1
Popular vote
Democratic
44.18%
Independent
0.86%
Populist
4.24%
Republican
48.55%
Silver Republican
0.56%
Silver
0.05%
Others
1.56%
House seats
Democratic
45.10%
Independent
0.28%
Populist
1.40%
Republican
52.38%
Silver Republican
0.56%
Silver
0.28%

The previous elections of 1896 saw the election of 24 Populists, 2 Silver Republicans, and a Silver Party member.

 
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
 
  80+% Republican
  60 to 80% Democratic
 
  60 to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Populist
  Up to 60% Republican
 
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
 
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
 
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Populist gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Special elections edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates}
Mississippi 2 William V. Sullivan Democratic 1896 Incumbent resigned when appointed U.S. Senator.
New member elected July 5, 1898.
Democratic hold.
  •  Y Thomas Spight (Democratic) 46.64%
  • Z. M. Stephens (Democratic) 42.17%
  • Leland L. Pearsons (Democratic) 11.19%
Ohio 19
Pennsylvania 23
Virginia 2
Virginia 4
Mississippi 6 William F. Love Democratic 1896 Incumbent died October 16, 1898.
New member elected November 29, 1898.
Democratic hold.
Massachusetts 15 John Simpkins Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Election dates edit

All the states held their elections November 8, 1898, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:

Alabama edit

Arkansas edit

California edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates}
California 1 John All Barham Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John All Barham (Republican) 61.1%
  • Emmet Seawell (Democratic) 38.9%
California 2 Marion De Vries Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Marion De Vries (Democratic) 55.3%
  • Frank D. Ryan (Republican) 44.7%
California 3 Samuel G. Hilborn Republican 1894 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  •  Y Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 57.3%
  • John Aubrey Jones (Democratic) 39.1%
  • Thomas F. Burns (Socialist Labor) 3.6%
California 4 James G. Maguire Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired to run for California Governor.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  •  Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 50%
  • James H. Barry (Democratic) 44.1%
  • W. J. Martin (Socialist Labor) 3.7%
  • Joseph P. Kelly (Ind. Democratic) 2.2%
California 5 Eugene F. Loud Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 51.8%
  • William Craig (Democratic) 44.3%
  • E. T. Kingsley (Socialist Labor) 3.9%
California 6 Charles A. Barlow Populist 1900 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  •  Y Russell J. Waters (Republican) 52.6%
  • Charles A. Barlow (Populist) 44.9%
  • James T. Van Ransselear (Socialist Labor) 2.5%
California 7 Curtis H. Castle Populist 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  •  Y James C. Needham (Republican) 50.1%
  • Curtis H. Castle (Populist) 49.9%

Colorado edit

Connecticut edit

Delaware edit

Florida edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Robert Wyche Davis Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia edit

Idaho edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho at-large James Gunn Populist 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Silver Republican gain.

Illinois edit

Indiana edit

Iowa edit

Kansas edit

Kentucky edit

Louisiana edit

Maine edit

Maryland edit

Massachusetts edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 George P. Lawrence Republican 1897 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y George P. Lawrence (Republican) 58.0%
  • Charles P. Davis (Democratic) 35.5%
  • Edward A. Buckland (Socialist Labor) 6.5%
Massachusetts 2 Frederick H. Gillett Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 60.3%
  • Robert E. Bisbee (Democratic) 36.5%
  • George H. Wrenn (Socialist Labor) 3.2%
Massachusetts 3 Joseph H. Walker Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 4 George W. Weymouth Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5 William S. Knox Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y William S. Knox (Republican) 51.8%
  • Joseph J. Flynn (Democratic) 48.2%
Massachusetts 6 William H. Moody Republican 1895 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y William H. Moody (Republican) 64.5%
  • E. Moody Boynton (Democratic) 28.9%
  • Albert L. Gillen (Social Democratic) 6.6%
Massachusetts 7 William Emerson Barrett Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  •  Y Ernest W. Roberts (Republican) 55.8%
  • Walter L. Ramsdell (Democratic) 41.6%
  • Joseph Malloney (Socialist Labor) 2.6%
Massachusetts 8 Samuel W. McCall Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Samuel W. McCall (Republican) 70.0%
  • George A. Perkins (Democratic) 27.2%
  • William E. Stacey (Socialist Labor) 2.8%
Massachusetts 9 John F. Fitzgerald Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John F. Fitzgerald (Democratic) 48.7%
  • Franz H. Krebs Jr. (Republican) 25.8%
  • James A. Gallivan (Ind. Democratic) 23.6%
  • Florentine K. Bradman (Citizens Republican) 1.9%
Massachusetts 10 Samuel J. Barrows Republican 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 11 Charles F. Sprague Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 12 William C. Lovering Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y William C. Lovering (Republican) 65.9%
  • Philip E. Brady (Democratic) 30.0%
  • Jeremiah O'Fihelly (Socialist Labor) 4.1%
Massachusetts 13 William S. Greene Republican 1898 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y William S. Greene (Republican) 68.65%
  • Charles T. Luce (Democratic) 24.82%
  • Thomas Stevenson (Socialist Labor) 6.51%
  • Others 0.01%

Michigan edit

Minnesota edit

Mississippi edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 John M. Allen Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 Thomas Spight Democratic 1898 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Thomas Spight (Democratic) 92.91%
  • C. M. Haynie (Populist) 5.26%
  • S. M. Howry (Republican) 1.83%[6]
Mississippi 3 Thomas C. Catchings Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4 Andrew F. Fox Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 5 John S. Williams Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John S. Williams (Democratic) 97.02%
  • S. R. Pitts (Republican) 2.79%
  • J. E. Everett (Independent) 0.20%[9]
Mississippi 6 Vacant (incumbent died October 16, 1898) New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  •  Y Frank A. McLain (Democratic) 53.78%
  • M. M. Evans (Ind. Democratic) 22.82%
  • A. C. Hathorn (Populist) 16.39%
  • H. C. Turley (Republican) 7.01%[10]
Mississippi 7 Patrick Henry Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Patrick Henry (Democratic) 90.95%
  • T. B. Yellowley (Republican) 4.75%
  • E. F. Brennan (Republican) 4.30%[11]

Missouri edit

Montana edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana at-large Charles S. Hartman Silver Republican 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Nebraska edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska 1 Jesse B. Strode Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Nebraska 2 David H. Mercer Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 3 Samuel Maxwell Populist 1896 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Nebraska 4 William L. Stark Populist 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 5 Roderick Dhu Sutherland Populist 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 6 William L. Greene Populist 1896 Incumbent re-elected.

Nevada edit

New Hampshire edit

New Jersey edit

New York edit

North Carolina edit

North Dakota edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Dakota at-large Martin N. Johnson Republican 1890 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Ohio edit

Oregon edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oregon 1 Thomas H. Tongue Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Thomas H. Tongue (Republican) 48.96%
  • R. M. Veatch (Fusion) 44.28%
  • J. L. Hill (Populist) 4.21%
  • L. H. Pederson (Prohibition) 2.56%[20]
Oregon 2 William R. Ellis Republican 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  •  Y Malcolm A. Moody (Republican) 54.15%
  • C. M. Donaldson (Fusion) 37.22%
  • H. E. Courtney (Populist) 5.78%
  • G. W. Ingalls (Prohibition) 2.85%[21]

Pennsylvania edit

Rhode Island edit

South Carolina edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 William Elliott Democratic 1886
1896
Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2 W. Jasper Talbert Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y W. Jasper Talbert (Democratic) 97.0%
  • B. P. Chatfield (Republican) 2.9%
  • Others 0.1%
South Carolina 3 Asbury Latimer Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Asbury Latimer (Democratic) 96.6%
  • John R. Tolbert (Republican) 3.3%
  • Others 0.1%
South Carolina 4 Stanyarne Wilson Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 Thomas J. Strait Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 6 James Norton Democratic 1897 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y James Norton (Democratic) 96.9%
  • J. H. Evans (Republican) 3.1%
South Carolina 7 J. William Stokes Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.

South Dakota edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Dakota at-large
(2 seats)
John Edward Kelley Populist 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Elected on a general ticket:
Freeman Knowles Populist 1896 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Tennessee edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Walter P. Brownlow Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Walter P. Brownlow (Republican) 54.96%
  • Hugh H. Guckenour (Democratic) 44.12%
  • R. S. Cheves (Prohibition) 0.92%[23]
Tennessee 2 Henry R. Gibson Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Henry R. Gibson (Republican) 66.34%
  • John M. Davis (Democratic) 33.07%
  • [FNU] Jones (Unknown) 0.59%[24]
Tennessee 3 John A. Moon Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John A. Moon (Democratic) 58.87%
  • Gus Cate (Republican) 40.62%
  • W. A. Wetmore (Populist) 0.51%[25]
Tennessee 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1878 Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 5 James D. Richardson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6 John W. Gaines Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John W. Gaines (Democratic) 78.78%
  • J. C. Napier (Republican) 14.26%
  • N. P. Gill (Prohibition) 6.97%[28]
Tennessee 7 Nicholas N. Cox Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 8 Thetus W. Sims Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Thetus W. Sims (Democratic) 60.21%
  • W. F. Hinkle (Republican) 36.86%
  • T. J. Brooks (Populist) 2.94%[30]
Tennessee 9 Rice A. Pierce Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 76.89%
  • Isaac Revelle (Republican) 21.27%
  • E. F. Falley (Prohibition) 1.84%[31]
Tennessee 10 Edward W. Carmack Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Edward W. Carmack (Democratic) 81.46%
  • J. W. Vernon (Republican) 18.12%
  • J. T. Brooks (Populist) 0.42%[32]

Texas edit

Utah edit

Vermont edit

Virginia edit

Washington edit

West Virginia edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 Blackburn B. Dovener Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Blackburn B. Dovener (Republican) 51.91%
  • J. V. Blair (Democratic) 47.29%
  • W. A. Williams (Independent) 0.63%
  • J. B. Arnold (Independent) 0.17%[33]
West Virginia 2 Alston G. Dayton Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Alston G. Dayton (Republican) 50.33%
  • John T. McGraw (Democratic) 48.98%
  • George Morrow (Populist) 0.69%[34]
West Virginia 3 Charles Dorr Republican 1896 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  •  Y David E. Johnston (Democratic) 50.63%
  • William S. Edwards (Republican) 48.93%
  • J. W. Davis (Populist) 0.45%[35]
West Virginia 4 Warren Miller Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  •  Y Romeo H. Freer (Republican) 50.84%
  • George I. Neal (Democratic) 48.79%
  • Oliver Gorrell (Populist) 0.37%[36]

Wisconsin edit

Wisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1898.[37][38]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 Henry Allen Cooper Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 2 Edward Sauerhering Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  •  Y Herman B. Dahle (Republican) 50.4%
  • James E. Jones (Democratic) 47.0%
  • Jabez B. Smith (Prohibition) 2.6%
Wisconsin 3 Joseph W. Babcock Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Joseph W. Babcock (Republican) 59.5%
  • Thomas L. Cleary (Democratic) 37.3%
  • Richard B. Griggs (Prohibition) 3.2%
Wisconsin 4 Theobald Otjen Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Theobald Otjen (Republican) 47.3%
  • Joseph G. Donnelly (Democratic) 41.7%
  • Robert C. Schilling (Populist) 6.6%
  • Louis A. Arnold (Social Democratic) 3.0%
  • John Moser (Socialist Labor) 1.5%
Wisconsin 5 Samuel S. Barney Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Samuel S. Barney (Republican) 51.8%
  • Charles E. Armin (Democratic) 40.2%
  • George Eckelman (Social Democratic) 3.3%
  • William P. Rubin (Populist) 3.0%
  • Albert F. Hintz (Socialist Labor) 1.0%
  • William R. Nethercut (Prohibition) 0.7%
Wisconsin 6 James H. Davidson Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y James H. Davidson (Republican) 53.6%
  • Frank C. Stewart (Democratic) 44.4%
  • William H. Clark (Prohibition) 2.0%
Wisconsin 7 Michael Griffin Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  •  Y John J. Esch (Republican) 64.7%
  • John F. Doherty (Democratic) 32.6%
  • Luther W. Wood (Prohibition) 2.8%
Wisconsin 8 Edward S. Minor Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 9 Alexander Stewart Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Alexander Stewart (Republican) 58.1%
  • Wells M. Ruggles (Democratic) 40.1%
  • Edwin Kerswill (Prohibition) 1.8%
Wisconsin 10 John J. Jenkins Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John J. Jenkins (Republican) 63.1%
  • John R. Mathews (Democratic) 30.3%
  • William B. Hopkins (Prohibition) 3.5%
  • Carl Pieper (Populist) 3.1%

Wyoming edit

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wyoming at-large John E. Osborne Democratic 1896 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  •  Y Frank W. Mondell (Republican) 54.71%
  • Constantine P. Arnold (Democratic) 43.04%
  • William Brown (Populist) 2.25%[39]

Non-voting delegates edit

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large
New Mexico Territory at-large
Oklahoma Territory at-large James Y. Callahan Free Silver 1896 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Republican gain.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Regulars only, not including specials
  2. ^ 1 Independent Populist
  3. ^ There were 6 Populists, 1 Silver, and 2 Silver Republicans
  4. ^ a b Member of the Silver Republican Party faction elected.
  5. ^ a b Includes 1 Independent Populist
  6. ^ Includes 2 members of the Silver Republican faction.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Martis, p. 152–153.
  2. ^ "MS - District 06 Special Election". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  3. ^ "MA District 13 - Special Election". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  4. ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  5. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  6. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  7. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  8. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  9. ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  10. ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  11. ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  12. ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  13. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  14. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  15. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  16. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  17. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  18. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 8, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  19. ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  20. ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Jun 06, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  21. ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 02 Race - Jun 06, 1898". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  22. ^ "Elections in States". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1900. New York: The Tribune Association. 1900. p. 338 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
  23. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  24. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  25. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  26. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  27. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  28. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  29. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  30. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  31. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  32. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  33. ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  34. ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  35. ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  36. ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  37. ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
  38. ^ Froehlich, William H., ed. (1899). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1899 (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  39. ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  40. ^ "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 08, 1898".

Bibliography edit

  • Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
  • Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
  • "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links edit

  • Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)