1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election

Summary

The 1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was the first leadership convention held by a federal political party in Canada. It was originally called by the Liberal leader, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, as a national policy convention with the intention of reinvigorating the Liberal Party after eight years of being in opposition.[2] The convention was also intended to re-unite the party, which had split as a result of the Conscription Crisis of 1917. The party had divided into Laurier Liberals, who remained in opposition, and a Liberal–Unionist faction which joined the wartime Union government of Sir Robert Borden in support of conscription. Laurier's death on February 17, 1919 resulted in the meeting being reconfigured as a leadership convention. Previous party leaders in Canada had been chosen by the parliamentary caucus or the outgoing leader. However, the Liberal caucus no longer felt that it was representative of Canada's linguistic and religious diversity and that allowing the entire party to select the leader would result in a more representative choice.[3]

1919 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election

August 7, 1919 1948 →
 
Candidate W.L. Mackenzie King William S. Fielding
Fifth ballot delegate count 476
(52.1%)
438
(47.9%)
Fourth ballot delegate count[1] Cancelled Cancelled
Third ballot delegate count[1] Cancelled Cancelled
Second ballot delegate count 411
(43.8%)
344
(36.6%)
First ballot delegate count 344
(36.3%)
297
(31.3%)

 
Candidate George P. Graham Daniel D. McKenzie
Fifth ballot delegate count Withdrew Withdrew
Fourth ballot delegate count[1] Withdrew Withdrew
Third ballot delegate count[1] Withdrew Cancelled
Second ballot delegate count 124
(13.2%)
60
(6.4%)
First ballot delegate count 153
(16.2%)
153
(16.2%)

Leader before election

Daniel Duncan McKenzie (interim)

Elected Leader

William Lyon Mackenzie King

1919 Liberal leadership election
DateAugust 7, 1919
ConventionHowick Hall, Lansdowne Park, Ottawa
Resigning leaderSir Wilfrid Laurier
Won byWilliam Lyon Mackenzie King
Ballots5
Candidates4
Liberal leadership elections
1919 · 1948 · 1958 · 1968 · 1980 · 1984 · 1990 · 2003 · 2006 · 2009 · 2013

Candidates edit

There was also an attempt to draft Saskatchewan Premier William Melville Martin, a former Liberal MP, but he declined to run.[3]

King had run as a Laurier Liberal in the 1917 federal election but was defeated. Fielding, who had long been seen as Laurier's natural successor, had opposed Laurier's stand on conscription and had returned to the House of Commons in 1917 as a Liberal–Unionist MP supporting the Borden government but declining the offer of a cabinet position.[2] Graham had sat out of the 1917 election and McKenzie had run and kept his seat as a Laurier Liberal.

Convention edit

Voting delegates were made up of Senators, MPs, defeated candidates, premiers and provincial party leaders, presidents of provincial Liberal associations, and three delegates from each riding. Nominations were accepted in writing until the first ballot began at 3:45 pm. King lead Fielding on the first and second ballots. Graham and McKenzie withdrew in quick succession leading to the cancellation of the third and fourth ballots, respectively, which had already been underway when the successive withdrawals occurred. On the final ballot King defeated Fielding by 38 votes.[3]

King was supported by labour elements, Quebec delegates, and the left-wing of the party. Fielding, who openly opposed the radical platform adopted by the convention, threatened to seek support from the parliamentary caucus for rejection of the platform. He was opposed by many Quebec delegates as well as delegates from his home province of Nova Scotia due to his previous stance on conscription and was supported by the right wing of the party, many western Canadian delegates, and the business establishment in Montreal.[2]

Results edit

Unlike in future Liberal leadership contests, the lowest-ranking candidate was not eliminated after each ballot, with voting simply continuing until a candidate had a majority.

The first ballot had King narrowly leading over Fielding, with Graham and McKenzie tying for a distant, joint third place. The second ballot saw King start to take a more decisive lead, mostly by attracting McKenzie's delegates, while Fielding attracted a smaller share of Graham's delegates, leaving the contest as a clear race between King and Fielding.

Shortly after the third ballot began, Graham withdrew his candidacy, acknowleding that he had no hope of victory. The ballot was cancelled and begun anew with three candidates, but McKenzie himself withdrew just after the fourth round had gotten underway, realizing that he could not credibly hope to remain in the contest when Graham had withdrawn despite having more votes.[4]

The final ballot was close-run between King and Fielding, but in the end, King emerged victorious.

Delegate support by ballot
Candidate 1st ballot 2nd ballot 5th ballot
Votes cast % Votes cast % Votes cast %
  KING, William Lyon Mackenzie 344 36.3% 411 43.8% 476 52.1%
  FIELDING, William Stevens 297 31.3% 344 36.6% 438 47.9%
  GRAHAM, George Perry 153 16.2% 124 13.2% Withdrew
  MCKENZIE, Daniel Duncan 153 16.2% 60 6.4% Withdrew
Total 947 100.0% 939 100.0% 914 100.0%
First ballot
King
36.33%
Fielding
31.36%
Graham
16.16%
McKenzie
16.16%
Second ballot
King
43.77%
Fielding
36.63%
Graham
13.21%
McKenzie
6.39%
Fifth ballot
King
52.08%
Fielding
47.92%

[4]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Graham and McKenzie withdrew while the third ballot and fourth ballot, respectively, were taking place. The ballots were therefore abandoned without the votes being fully counted.
  2. ^ a b c "FIELDING, WILLIAM STEVENS". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c "1919 LIBERAL CONVENTION". CPAC. Cable Public Affairs Channel. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  4. ^ a b "Liberal Party of Canada: Leadership Conventions". Parliament of Canada. Library of Parliament.