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1945 Indian general election

Summary

General elections were held in British India in December 1945 to elect members of the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of State.[2] The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party, winning 57 of the 102 elected seats.[3] The Muslim League won all Muslim constituencies, but failed to win any other seats. Of the 13 remaining seats, 8 went to Europeans, 3 to independents, and 2 to Akali candidates in the Sikh constituencies of Punjab.[4] This election coupled with the provincial one in 1946 proved to be a strategic victory for Jinnah and the partitionists. Even though Congress won, the League had united the Muslim vote and as such it gained the negotiating power to seek a separate Muslim homeland as it became clear that a united India would prove highly unstable. The elected members later formed the Constituent Assembly of India.

1945 Indian general election
← 1934 December 1945 1951 (India) →
1970 (Pakistan) →
102 elected seats
52 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party
 
Leader Abul Kalam Azad[1] Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Party INC AIML
Seats won 57 30
Seat change Increase 15 Increase 30
Subsequent administration

Interim Government of India
Coalition government

These were the last general elections in British India; consequent elections were held in 1951 in India and 1970 in Pakistan.

Background edit

On 19 September 1945, the Viceroy Lord Wavell announced that elections to the central and provincial legislatures would be held in December 1945 to January 1946. It was also announced that an executive council would be formed and a constitution-making body would be convened after these elections.[2][5]

Although the Government of India Act 1935 had proposed an all-India federation, it could not take place because the government held that the Princely states were unwilling to join it. Consequently, rather than choosing 375 members, only 102 elective seats were to be filled. Hence the elections to the central legislature were held under the terms of the Government of India Act 1919.

Results edit

Central Legislative Assembly edit

PartySeats
Congress57
Muslim League30
Akali Dal2
Europeans8
Independents5
Total102
Source: Schwartzberg Atlas

Membership by province edit

Province Europeans Independent Minor parties Congress
(General) 		Congress
(Non-General) 		Muslim League Total
Assam ? ? 1? 4
Ajmer-Merwara 1 1
Bengal 3 ? ? 5? 17
Bihar and Orissa ? ? 12
Bombay 2 ? ? 2? 16
Central Provinces ? ? ? 1? 6
Delhi 1 1
Madras 1 ? ? ? 3? 16
North West Frontier Province 1[6] 0 1
Punjab ? 2 (Akali Dal) ? 6[7] 12
Sind ? 3?
United Provinces 1 ? 0 ? ? 4? 16
Total 8 3 2 49[4] 10 30 102?

Members of the Central Legislative Assembly edit

[8]

Nominated members edit

Elected Members edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Indian National Congress: From 1885 till 2017, a brief history of past presidents". indianexpress.com. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  2. ^ a b Vohra, Ranbir (19 December 2012). The Making of India: A Political History. M.E. Sharpe. p. 176. ISBN 9780765629852.
  3. ^ "-- Schwartzberg Atlas -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
  4. ^ a b "-- Schwartzberg Atlas -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
  5. ^ Sen, S. N. (1997). History of the Freedom Movement in India (1857-1947). New Age International. p. 317. ISBN 9788122410495.
  6. ^ History Modern India, S. N. Sen ISBN 8122417744
  7. ^ Mujahid, Sharif al (2010). "1945-46 Elections and Pakistan: Punjab's Pivotal Role" (PDF). Pakistan Vision. 11 (1). Pakistan Study Centre. ISSN 1681-5742.
  8. ^ Reed, Sir Stanley, ed. (1947). "The Indian Legislative Assembly". The Indian Year Book. p. 75.

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