May 15 – Stanley Miller publishes results from the Miller–Urey experiment in the journal Science. These surprise many chemists, by showing that organic molecules present in living organisms can form easily from simple inorganic chemicals.[6]
Alan Turing publishes an article describing the first 1,104 zeroes of the Riemann zeta-function, the culmination of fifteen years of work on how to use computers to tackle a fundamental problem in number theory.[10]
B. F. Skinner publishes the book Science and Human Behavior,[21] a controversial attempt to apply the results of behavioral studies of laboratory animals to human psychology.
January 13 – "Doctors' plot": The state newspaper Pravda publishes an article alleging that many of the Soviet Union's top doctors are part of a major plot to poison the country's senior political and military leaders.[27]
October 9 – As part of an extended series of publications on science, Pope Pius XII publishes "The Technician", which instructs scientists to restrict themselves to the study of physical matter and do nothing to undermine the idea of a non-material soul or a Superior Being. "The Technician" is delivered as a papal address on October 9.
Rudolf Carnap publishes an article called "Testability and Meaning" in Readings in the Philosophy of Science, which moves away from the philosophical position of logical positivism with respect to science (particularly the heavily mathematical sciences, such as physics). Carnap instead emphasizes the idea that progress in science depends on the gradual accumulation of many small results that support human understanding of the world, a view more in line with Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy and the biological sciences.
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^Francis Crick (1916-2004) and James Watson (b. 1928) together discovered the double helix structure of DNA, the "blueprint of life." Surprisingly, when ... Archived 2015-04-07 at the Wayback Machinehistory1900s.about.com
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^Ewing, Maurice; Heezen, Bruce C.; Ericson, D. B.; Northrop, John; Dorman, James (July 1953). "Exploration of the Northwest Atlantic Mid-ocean Canyon". Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 64 (7): 865–868. Bibcode:1953GSAB...64..865E. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[865:EOTNAM]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0016-7606.
^Chen, William; Vaughan, Robert (2017-06-14). "Klaus Friedrich Roth, 29 October 1925–10 November 2015". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 63: 487–525. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2017.0014. ISSN 0080-4606.
^Cohn, Lawrence H. (May 2003). "Fifty years of open-heart surgery". Circulation. 107 (17): 2168–70. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000071746.50876.E2. PMID 12732590. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
^Levy, Adam (12 January 2021). "The heart of invention". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-011221-1. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
^Kay, A. W. (1953). "Effect of Large Doses of Histamine on Gastric Secretion of HCl". British Medical Journal. 2 (4827): 77–80. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4827.77. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC2028464. PMID 13051582.
^Aserinsky, Eugene; Kleitman, Nathaniel (1953). "Regularly Occurring Periods of Eye Motility, and Concomitant Phenomena, During Sleep". Science. 118 (3062): 273–274. Bibcode:1953Sci...118..273A. doi:10.1126/science.118.3062.273. JSTOR 1680525. PMID 13089671. S2CID 43636051.
^Davison, Nicola (2017-10-06). "Why can't we cure the common cold?". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
^Healy, D. (2001). "The Antidepressant Drama". In Weissman, M.M. (ed.). The treatment of depression: bridging the 21st century. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-88048-397-1. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
^Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-929040-6.
^Weiner, J. S.; Oakley, K. P.; Le Gros Clark, W. E. (1953-11-20). "The Solution of the Piltdown Problem". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series. 2 (3): 141–6.
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