Summary
The 1964 Chinese census, officially the Second National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of 1 July 1964.[1] The census results were not publicized until the early 1980s.[2][better source needed]
| Second National Census | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| General information | ||
| Country | China | |
| Results | ||
| Total population | 694,581,759 | |
| Most populous | Henan | |
| Least populous | Tibet Autonomous Region | |
The 1964 census included additional information about education, occupation, and class to the information gathered by the first census concerning name, age, sex, nationality, and relationship to heads of households.[3]
Results edit
Total Population edit
The census found that the total population of Mainland China in 1964 was 694,581,759.
However, the official summaries published in Chinese Sociology and Anthropology by the Chinese State Statistical Bureau in 1984 listed the 1964 population as 723,070,269.[1] China's official Xinhua news organization continues to report more significant figure.[4]
Demographics edit
The census found approximately 356,520,000 men and 338,060,000 women living in China, a ratio of 105.46 to 100.
The average household size was 4.43, increasing by 1/10 person per household from the previous census. 40.69% of the population was 14, or under, 55.75% was between 15 and 64, and 3.56% was 65 or older.
Han Chinese accounted for approximately 654,560,000 persons (94.24% of the total). Minorities accounted for approx—forty million twenty thousand persons (5.76%).
127,100,000 Chinese were classified as living in cities, with an urbanization rate of 18.30%.[5]
Provincial Distribution edit
| Province or autonomous region |
1953 Census | 1964 Census | Change | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anhui | 30,343,637 | 31,241,657 |  898,020
|
2.96 |
| Fujian | 13,142,721 | 16,757,223 | 3,614,502
|
27.50 |
| Gansu[n 1] | 12,928,102 | 12,630,569 |  -297,533
|
-2.30 |
| Guangdong[n 2] | 34,770,059 | 42,800,849 | 8,030,790
|
23.10 |
| Guizhou | 15,037,310 | 17,140,521 | 2,103,211
|
13.99 |
| Hebei[n 3][n 4] | 35,984,644 | 45,687,781 | 7,009,306
|
18.12 |
| Henan | 44,214,594 | 50,325,511 | 6,110,917
|
13.82 |
| Heilongjiang | 11,897,309 | 20,118,271 | 8,220,962
|
69.10 |
| Hubei | 27,789,693 | 33,709,344 | 5,919,651
|
21.30 |
| Hunan | 33,226,954 | 37,182,286 | 3,955,332
|
11.90 |
| Jiangsu | 41,252,192 | 44,504,608 | 3,252,416
|
7.88 |
| Jiangxi | 16,772,865 | 21,068,019 | 4,295,154
|
25.61 |
| Jilin | 11,290,073 | 15,668,663 | 4,378,590
|
38.78 |
| Liaoning[n 4] | 18,545,147 | 26,946,200 | 8,401,053
|
45.30 |
| Qinghai | 1,676,534 | 2,145,604 | 469,070
|
27.98 |
| Rehe | 5,160,822 | |||
| Sichuan[n 5][n 6] | 62,303,999 | 67,956,490 | 2,271,427
|
3.46 |
| Shaanxi | 15,881,281 | 20,766,915 | 4,885,634
|
30.76 |
| Shandong | 48,876,548 | 55,519,038 | 6,642,490
|
13.59 |
| Shanxi | 14,314,485 | 18,015,067 | 3,700,582
|
25.85 |
| Xikang | 3,381,064 | |||
| Yunnan | 17,472,737 | 20,509,525 | 3,036,788
|
17.38 |
| Zhejiang | 22,865,747 | 28,318,573 | 5,452,826
|
23.85 |
| Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 19,560,822 | 20,845,017 | 1,284,195
|
6.57 |
| Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region[n 4] | 6,100,104 | 12,348,638 | 6,248,534
|
102.4 |
| Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) |
1,273,969 | 1,251,225 | -22,744
|
-1.79 |
| Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region | 4,873,608 | 7,270,067 | 2,396,459
|
49.17 |
| Beijing Municipality | 2,768,149 | 7,568,495 | 4,800,346
|
173.4 |
| Shanghai Municipality | 6,204,417 | 10,816,458 | 4,612,041
|
74.33 |
| Tianjin Municipality | 2,693,831 | |||
| Total | 582,603,417 | 694,581,759 | 111,978,342
|
19.22 |
Controversy edit
As with the 1953 census, the accuracy of the Second National Population Census was questioned by many outside observers. The information collected about occupation and education could have been more systematic, and it could not even be accurately tabulated[3] even though the nation's illiteracy rate was recorded at 32.26%[1] and 33.58%.[5]
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ The population Ningxia was detached from the 1964 figures.
- ^ Includes the modern Hainan province.
- ^ All 1964 figures incorporate Tianjin municipality.
- ^ a b c 1964 population figure includes incorporation of parts of Rehe Province.
- ^ Includes the modern Chongqing municipality.
- ^ All 1964 figures incorporate Xikang province.
References edit
- ^ a b c Chinese State Statistical Bureau. "Major statistics from the second population census (1964)". Chinese Sociology and Anthropology. 1984 Spring-Summer; 16(3-4):66-8. Accessed 28 Mar 2012.
- ^ Kirkby, Richard J.R. Urbanisation in China: town and country in a developing economy, 1949-2000 AD. Taylor & Francis, 1985. ISBN 0709915489. Accessed 28 Mar 2012.
- ^ a b Aird, John S. "The Preparations for China's 1982 Census". The China Quarterly, No. 91 (Sept 1982), pp. 369-385. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Xinhua Net. "Backgrounder: China's national population censuses". 28 Apr 2011. Accessed 28 Mar 2012.
- ^ a b National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Cit. in Coutsoukis, Photius. Allcountries.org: "4-4 Basic Statistics on National Population Census in 1953, 1964, 1982, 1990 and 2000". 2006. Accessed 28 Mar 2012.