Summary
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1993.
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Flora edit
Plants edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Araucarioxylon hoodii[2] |
Sp nov |
jr synonym |
(Tidwell & Medlyn) Gee et al |
An araucariaceous petrified wood. |
Arthropods edit
Insects edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lixus (Eulixus) balazuci[4] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Voisin & Nel |
A Curculionid weevil |
 | |||
|
Mesoepiophlebia veronicae[5] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Nel & Henrotay |
A sphenophlebiid dragonfly. Type species M. veronicae |
 | |||
|
Miofibla[6] |
Gen et sp nov |
jr synonym |
Nel |
Late Miocene |
An inocellid snakefly, |
 | ||
|
Ohmella coffini[6] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Nel |
Montagne d'Andance |
A snakefly |
 | ||
|
Paraplagiophlebia[5] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Nel & Henrotay |
A Myopophlebiid dragonfly, type species P. marcusi |
 | |||
|
Paraoligolestes[7] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Nel & Escuillé |
A Sieblosiid damselfly, type species P. miocenicus |
 | |||
|
Paraplagiophlebia[5] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Nel & Henrotay |
A Myopophlebiid dragonfly, type species P. loneuxi |
 |
Archosauromorphs edit
Pseudosuchians edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Valid taxon |
Late Triassic (mid Norian) |
A shuvosaurid. |
 |
Non-avian dinosaurs edit
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[9]
| Name | Status | Authors | Location | Notes | Images | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anasazisaurus[10] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Argentinosaurus[11] | Valid taxon | A sauropod of 75 to 100 tons and 35 meters in length. |  | |||
| "Elvisaurus" | nomen nudum later named Cryolophosaurus |
|
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| Eoraptor[12] | Valid taxon |
|
A primitive saurischian. |  | ||
| Iuticosaurus[13] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Klamelisaurus[14] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Malawisaurus[15] | Valid taxon |
|
|
A Sauropod dinosaur from Malawi. |  | |
| "Mononychus"[16] | Preoccupied name, later respelled Mononykus |
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| Mononykus | Valid taxon |
|
|
A small Mongolian alvaresaur. |  | |
| Naashoibitosaurus[10] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Pararhabdodon[17] | Valid taxon |
|
|
A Spanish Tsintaosaurin Hadrosaur. | ||
| Tianchisaurus[18] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Tsagantegia[19] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Utahraptor[20] | Valid taxon |
|
|
A bear-size Dromaeosaur. |  | |
Birds edit
| Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Valid ? |
Sp. nov. |
Late Jura |
Solnhofer Plattenkalk |
An Archaopterygidae, the 7th Archaeopteryx specimen (Solnhofer Aktien-Verein specimen). Often seen as synonymous with Archaeopteryx lithographica von Meyer, 1861. |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Hou Lianhai Zhang Jiangyong |
An Ornithurae, Chaoyangiiformes Hou, 1997, Chaoyangiidae Hou, 1997.[23] |
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|
Corvus fangshannus[24] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Hou Lianhai |
Cave deposits |
A Corvidae. |
|||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Damià Jaume Miguel McMinn Josep A. Alcover |
Late Pleistocene |
Cave deposits |
A Phasianidae. |
|||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Florent Ravoavy |
Cave deposits |
A Cuculidae. |
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|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Lev A. Nessov Andrei V. Panteleyev |
An Enantiornithidae, transferred to the New genus Incolornis Panteleyev, 1998 by Panteleyev, 1998[28] |
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|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Lev A. Nessov Andrei V. Panteleyev |
An Enantiornithidae, transferred to the New genus Explorornis Panteleyev, 1998 by Panteleyev[28] |
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|
Gallus moldovicus[29] |
1993, In press. |
Sp. nov. |
Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich I. M. Ganea K. I. Shushpanov |
Late Pliocene |
Tchichmiknoia |
Phasianidae, I have not seen the paper, but it is mentioned in the Sape Newsletter, 1993[30] and in Mlíkovský, 2002. . |
||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Lev A. Nessov A. A. Yarkov |
Late Campanian |
A Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872. |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Murunkus subitus[33] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Andrei V. Panteleyev Lev A. Nessov |
Middle Eocene |
Central Kizylkum Desert |
|||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Walter E. Boles |
Middle-Late Miocene |
An Orthonychidae. |
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|
Orthonyx wakefieldi[35] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Robert F. Baird |
Late Pleistocene |
Cave deposits |
An Orthonychidae. |
||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Walter E. Boles |
Sticky Beak Local Fauna |
An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Nomen Nudum |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Lin ? |
A possible Confuciusornithidae, the famous "Archaopteryx of Korea", there is not a valid description of this specimen, so the name is a Nomen Nudum. |
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|
Pycnoptilus fordi[35] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Robert F. Baird |
Late Pleistocene |
Cave deposits |
An Acanthizidae. |
||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985,[38] this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Tyto jinniushanensis[39] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Hou LianHai |
Cave deposits |
A Tytonidae. |
|||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus. |
Plesiosaurs edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Valid |
Bakker |
Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) |
A plesiosaurid. |
 |
References edit
- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ Tidwell, W.D.; Medlyn, D.A. (1993). "Conifer wood from the Upper Jurassic of Utah, Part II—Araucarioxylon hoodii sp. nov". The Palaeobotanist. 42: 1–7.
- ^ Gee, C.; Sprinkel, D.; Bennis, M. B.; Gray, D. (2019). "Silicified logs of Agathoxylon hoodii (Tidwell et Medlyn) comb. nov. from Rainbow Draw, near Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA, and their implications for araucariaceous conifer forests in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation". Geology of the Intermountain West. 6: 77–92. doi:10.31711/giw.v6.pp77-92. S2CID 214069192.
- ^ Voisin, J. F.; Nel, A. (1993). "Un Lixus fossile du Miocène français (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)". Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. 98: 19–21. doi:10.3406/bsef.1993.17854. S2CID 131790696.
- ^ a b c Nel, A.; Henrotay, M. (1993). "Taxonomy; Les "Anisozygoptera" fossiles Phylogenie et classification (Odonata)". Martinia. 3: 1–311.
- ^ a b Nel, A. (1993). "Nouveaux Raphidioptères fossiles du Cénozoïque de France et d'Espagne". École Pratique des Hautes Études, Biologie et Évolution des Insectes. 6: 99–108.
- ^ Nel, A; Escuillé, F. (1993). "Découverte d'un nouveau genre de Sieblosiidae dans le Miocène supérieur de l'Ardèche (France) [Odonata, Zygoptera, Lestoidea, Sieblosiidae)". Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie. Nouvelle Série. 10: 233–242.
- ^ Chatterjee S (1993). "Shuvosaurus a new theropod". Nat Geogr. Res. Exploration. 9 (3): 274–285.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ a b Hunt, A.P. and S.G. Lucas. 1993. Cretaceous vertebrates of New Mexico. In: Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico (A.P. Hunt and S.G. Lucas, eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 2: pp. 77-91.
- ^ Bonaparte J.F., Coria R.A. (1993). "Un nuevo y gigantesco sauropodo titanosaurio de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano- Cenomaniano) de la Provincia de Neuquen, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 30 (3): 271–282.
- ^ Sereno P.C.; Forster C.A.; Rogers R.R.; Monetta A.M. (1993). "Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria". Nature. 361 (6407): 64–66. Bibcode:1993Natur.361...64S. doi:10.1038/361064a0. S2CID 4270484.
- ^ Le Loeuff, J. 1993. European titanosaurids. Revue de Paléobiologie, Mém. Sp. 7: pp. 105 - 117.
- ^ Zhao, X. 1993. A new Middle Jurassic sauropod subfamily (Klamelisaurinae subfam.nov.) from Xinjiang Autonomous Region. China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica Vertebrata PalAsiatica 31 (2 – April 2, 1993): pp. 132-138.
- ^ Jacobs L. D. Winkler, Gomani E. (1993). "New material of an Early Cretaceous titanosaurid dinosaur from Malawi". Palaeontology. 36 (3): 523–534.
- ^ Perle A.; Norell M.A.; Chiappe L.M.; Clark J.M. (1993). "Flightless bird from the Cretaceous of Mongolia". Nature. 362 (6421): 623–626. Bibcode:1993Natur.362..623A. doi:10.1038/362623a0. S2CID 4252852.
- ^ Casanovas-Cladellas, M.L., J.V. Santafe-Llopis, and A. Isidro-Llorens. 1993. Pararhabdodon isonense n. gen. n. sp. (Dinosauria) Estudio morfologico, radio-tomografico y consideraciones biomecanicas. Paleontologia i Evolució, tomo 26- 27: pp. 121-131.
- ^ Dong, Z. 1993. An ankylosaur (Ornithischian dinosaur) from the Middle Jurassic of the Juanggar Basin, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica [no volume number available]: pp. 257-266.
- ^ Tumanova, T.A. 1993. On a new armoured dinosaur from Southeastern Gobi. Paleontologischeskii Zhurnal (1993) 2: pp. 92-98 (Paleontological Journal 27 (2): pp. 119-125).
- ^ Kirkland J.I.; Burge D.; Gaston R. (1993). "A large dromaeosaur (Theropoda) from the Lower Cretcaeous of eastern Utah". Hunteria. 2 (10): 1–16.
- ^ Peter Wellnhofer (1993). "Das Siebte Exemplar von Archaeopteryx aus den Solnhofer Schichten". Archaeopteryx. 11: 1–48.
- ^ Lianhai Hou; Jiangyong Zhang (1993). "A New Fossil Bird from Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 31 (3): 217–224.
- ^ Lianhai Hou (1997). "Mesozoic Birds of China" (PDF). Natou, Taiwan: Taiwan Feng Huang Gu Bird Garden, English Translation: 1–153.
- ^ Hou Lianhai (1993). "Avian Fossils of Pleistocene from Zhoukoudian". Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology. Academia Sinica. Science Press, Beijing. 19: 165–297.
- ^ Damià Jaume; Miguel McMinn; Josep A. Alcover (1993). "The Fossil Birds from the Bujero del Silo, La Gomera (Canary Islands) with a Description of a New Species of Quail (Galliformes, Phasianidae)" (PDF). Boletim do Museo Municipal Funchal, Suplemento. 2: 147–165. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
- ^ Steven M. Goodman; Florent Ravoavy (1993). "Identification of Bird Subfossils from Cave surface Deposits at Ahjohibe, Madagascar, With a Description of a New Giant Coua (Cuculidae: Couinae)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 106 (1): 24–33.
- ^ a b Lev A. Nessov; Andrei V. Panteleyev (1993). "About Similarities of the Late Cretaceous Ornithofauna of South America and Western Asia". Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR. 252: 84–94.
- ^ a b Andrei V. Panteleyev (1998). "New Species of Enantiornithines (Aves: Enantiornithes) from Upper Cretaceous of Central Kyzylkum". Russian Journal of Ornithology, Express-issue. 35: 3–15.
- ^ Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich, I. M. Ganea et K. I. Shushpanov (1993). "[New Gallus species from Upper Pliocene in Moldova.]". Buletinul Academiei de Şţiince a Republicii Moldova 265 (=Şţiince Biologice şi Chimice 4): 45–48, 77.
- ^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1993). "INFORMATION LETTER". Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution. 7. Archived from the original on 2015-11-30. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
- ^ Lev A. Nessov; A. A. Yarkov (1993). "Hesperornithiformes in Russia". Russian Journal of Ornithology. 2: 37–54.
- ^ a b c Luis M. Chiappe (1993). "Enantiotnithine (Aves) Tarsometatarsi from the Cretaceous Lecho Formation of Northwestern Argentina" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3083): 1–27.
- ^ Andrei V. Panteleyev; Lev A. Nessov (1993). "A Small Tubunare (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Eoceen of Middle Asia". Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR. 252: 95–103.
- ^ Walter E. Boles (1993). "A Logrunner Orthonyx (Passeriformes: Orthonychidae) from the Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland" (PDF). Emu. 93 (1): 44–49. doi:10.1071/mu9930044.
- ^ a b Robert F. Baird (1993). "Pleistocene Avian Fossils from Pyramids Cave (M-89), Eastern Victoria, Australia". Alcheringa. 17 (4): 383–404. doi:10.1080/03115519308619600.
- ^ Walter E. Boles (1993). "Pengana robertbolesi, a Peculiar Bird of Prey from the Tertiary of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia". Alcheringa. 17 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1080/03115519308619485.
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- ^ Michael K. Brett-Surman; Gregory S. Paul (1985). "A New Family of Bird-Like Dinosaurs Linking Laurasia and Gondwanaland" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 5 (2): 133–138. doi:10.1080/02724634.1985.10011851.
- ^ LianHai Hou (1993). "Avian Fossils on the Jinniushan Paleolithic Site" (PDF). Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeoanthropology. 19: 39–40 + 153–159. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
- ^ Bakker, R. T., 1993, Plesiosaur Extinction Cycles – events that mark the beginning, middle and end of the Cretaceous: In: Evolution of the Western Interior Basin: Geological Association of Canada, edited by Caldwell, W. G. E., and Kauffman, E. G., Special Paper 39, p. 641-664.