1995_Catalan_regional_election Knowpia

1995 Catalan regional election
All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia; 68 seats needed for a majority
	Opinion polls
Registered	5,079,981 5.0%
Turnout	3,232,959 (63.6%); 8.7 pp
President before election; Jordi Pujol; CDC (CiU)	Elected President ; Jordi Pujol; CDC (CiU)

The 1995 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 19 November 1995, to elect the 5th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

Overview edit

Electoral system edit

The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.^[1] Transitory Provision Fourth of the Statute established a specific electoral procedure for elections to the Parliament of Catalonia, of application for as long as a regional electoral law was not approved, to be supplemented by the provisions within the national electoral law. Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona, with each being allocated a fixed number of seats:^[1]

Seats	Constituencies
85	Barcelona
18	Tarragona
17	Girona
15	Lleida

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.^[2]

Election date edit

The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The regional president was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 15 March 1992, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 15 March 1996. The election was required to be called no later than 29 February 1996, with it taking place on the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 29 April 1996.^[1]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.^[3]^[4]

Parties and candidates edit

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.^[5]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Gov.	Ref.
Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Votes (%)	Seats	Gov.	Ref.
	CiU	List Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC)		Jordi Pujol	Catalan nationalism Centrism	46.19%	70	Y
	PSC–PSOE	List Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)		Joaquim Nadal	Social democracy	27.55%	40	N	^[6]
	ERC	List Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)		Àngel Colom	Catalan independence Left-wing nationalism Social democracy	7.96%	11	N
	IC–EV	List Initiative for Catalonia (IC) The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (EV–CEC)		Rafael Ribó	Eco-socialism Green politics	7.73%^[a]	7	N
	PP	List People's Party (PP)		Alejo Vidal-Quadras	Conservatism Christian democracy	5.97%	7	N

Opinion polls edit

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.

Color key:

Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout				IC		Lead
Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout						Lead

1995 regional election	19 Nov 1995	—	63.6	40.9 60	24.9 34	9.5 13	9.7 11	13.1 17	16.0

Vox Pública/Antena 3^{[p 1]}	19 Nov 1995	?	?	44.0 64/67	22.0 30/33	11.0 13/15	9.5 9/10	12.0 14/16	22.0
Eco Consulting/CCRTV^{[p 1]}	19 Nov 1995	?	?	43.0 64/68	22.0 28/31	11.0 14/16	9.9 10/12	12.0 14/16	21.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo^{[p 1]}	12 Nov 1995	1,000	?	45.2 65/68	23.8 31/35	8.8 11/12	7.4 8/9	11.4 15/16	21.4
Demoscopia/El País^{[p 1]}^{[p 2]}	12 Nov 1995	2,000	63	45.4 66/70	23.2 29/30	7.2 10/11	11.6 12/13	11.7 14/16	22.2
Vox Pública/El Periódico^{[p 1]}^{[p 3]}	12 Nov 1995	1,200	?	46.5 68/72	23.2 31/35	8.3 10/12	9.4 11/12	8.4 11/12	23.3
Imagen & Opinión/ABC^{[p 4]}	7–8 Nov 1995	1,260	?	44.7 62/65	24.3 33/34	9.2 12/13	7.8 11	10.4 13/15	20.4
Opina/La Vanguardia^{[p 5]}	6–7 Nov 1995	2,000	?	46.0 69/71	21.0 28/30	10.0 11/14	10.0 9/13	11.0 11/14	25.0
EMB Yankelovich/Avui^{[p 1]}	5 Nov 1995	1,223	?	46.7 68/69	22.1 30/31	9.3 11/12	9.3 11/12	12.6 13/14	24.6
Vox Pública/El Periódico^{[p 6]}	25–26 Oct 1995	1,200	?	46.3 67/70	21.7 31/33	8.2 11/12	10.3 12	9.8 12/13	24.6
Imagen & Opinión/ABC^{[p 7]}	22–24 Oct 1995	1,000	?	45.5 65/69	24.4 32/34	8.6 10/12	8.7 9/11	11.4 15/16	21.1
Opina/La Vanguardia^{[p 8]}	16–17 Oct 1995	1,500	?	45.5 67/69	22.3 32/33	10.2 12/13	8.4 10	10.5 12/13	23.2
Demoscopia/El País^{[p 1]}^{[p 9]}	9 Oct 1995	800	?	42.0 60/64	23.0 29/33	9.0 10/11	12.0 13/15	13.0 15/17	19.0
CIS^{[p 10]}^{[p 11]}^{[p 12]}	22 Sep–4 Oct 1995	2,492	67.0	44.5 65/67	24.0 33/34	9.0 11/12	9.5 10/11	10.0 11/13	20.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo^{[p 13]}	20 Sep 1995	?	?	40.6 60/63	27.7 38/40	7.4 9/11	7.6 8/9	12.1 16/17	12.9
Imagen & Opinión/ABC^{[p 14]}	14–20 Jul 1995	2,000	?	42.1 59/62	23.0 31/33	8.4 10/11	8.0 8/9	16.4 22/24	19.1
1995 local elections	28 May 1995	—	64.8	30.2	33.3	6.3	11.9	12.2	3.1
1994 EP election	12 Jun 1994	—	51.9	31.5 (48)	28.2 (41)	5.5 (7)	11.1 (13)	18.5 (26)	3.3
1993 general election	6 Jun 1993	—	75.4	31.8 (49)	34.9 (48)	5.1 (6)	7.5 (8)	17.0 (24)	3.1

1992 regional election	15 Mar 1992	—	54.9	46.2 70	27.5 40	8.0 11	6.5 7	6.0 7	18.7

Results edit

Overall edit

← Summary of the 19 November 1995 Parliament of Catalonia election results →
Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats

Parties and alliances		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Convergence and Union (CiU)	1,320,071	40.95	–5.24	60	–10
	Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)	802,252	24.89	–2.66	34	–6
	People's Party (PP)	421,752	13.08	+7.11	17	+10
	Initiative for Catalonia–The Greens (IC–EV)¹	313,092	9.71	+1.98	11	+4
	Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)	305,867	9.49	+1.53	13	+2
	Ecologist Alternative of Catalonia (AEC)²	14,651	0.45	–0.08	0	±0
	Ecologist Party of Catalonia–VERDE (PEC–VERDE)	5,639	0.17	–0.12	0	±0
	Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR)	3,886	0.12	+0.03	0	±0
	Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)³	2,221	0.07	–0.32	0	±0
	Citizens of Catalonia–Platform of Independents of Spain (PICC–PIE)	1,580	0.05	New	0	±0
	Civic Platform–New Socialist Party (PC–NPS)⁴	869	0.03	–0.05	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	327	0.01	New	0	±0
	Party of Self-employed of Spain (PAE)	194	0.01	New	0	±0
	Democratic Party of the People (PDEP)	134	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		31,417	0.97	–0.21

Total		3,223,952			135	±0

Valid votes		3,223,952	99.72	+0.14
Invalid votes		9,007	0.28	–0.14
Votes cast / turnout		3,232,959	63.64	+8.77
Abstentions		1,847,022	36.36	–8.77
Registered voters		5,079,981

Sources^[7]^[8]
Footnotes: ¹ Initiative for Catalonia–The Greens results are compared to the combined totals of Initiative for Catalonia, Party of the Communists of Catalonia and Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia in the 1992 election. ² Ecologist Alternative of Catalonia results are compared to The Greens–Green Union totals in the 1992 election. ³ Workers' Revolutionary Party results are compared to Workers' Socialist Party totals in the 1992 election. ⁴ Civic Platform–New Socialist Party results are compared to Independent Socialists totals in the 1992 election.

Popular vote

CiU			40.95%
PSC–PSOE			24.89%
PP			13.08%
IC–EV			9.71%
ERC			9.49%
Others			0.92%
Blank ballots			0.97%

Seats

CiU			44.44%
PSC–PSOE			25.19%
PP			12.59%
ERC			9.63%
IC–EV			8.15%

Distribution by constituency edit

Constituency	CiU		PSC		PP		IC–EV		ERC

	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
Barcelona	39.1	34	25.4	22	13.6	12	11.2	10	8.7	7
Girona	48.6	9	25.7	5	7.9	1	4.0	−	12.3	2
Lleida	49.7	8	19.5	3	12.2	2	4.2	−	12.8	2
Tarragona	43.2	9	23.2	4	14.3	2	6.4	1	11.1	2
Total	40.9	60	24.9	34	13.1	17	9.7	11	9.5	13

Sources^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[8]

Aftermath edit

Ballot →		14 December 1995	16 December 1995
Investiture Jordi Pujol (CDC)
Required majority →		68 out of 135 N	Simple Y
	Yes • CiU (60)	60 / 135	60 / 135
	No • ERC (13) (on 14 Dec) • IC (11)	24 / 135	11 / 135
	Abstentions • PSC (33) (31 on 14 Dec) • PP (17) • ERC (13) (on 16 Dec)	48 / 135	63 / 135
	Absentees • PSC (1) (3 on 14 Dec)	3 / 135	1 / 135
Sources^[8]

Notes edit

^ ^a ^b Results for IC (6.50%, 7 seats), PCC (0.84%, 0 seats) and AV–MEC (0.39%, 0 seats) in the 1992 election.

References edit

Opinion poll sources

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 5 July 2017.
^ "Pujol, en el umbral de la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 12 November 1995.
^ "Pujol renovará la mayoría absoluta". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 12 November 1995.
^ "Descenso de Pujol, que puede fracasar en su empeño de gobernar con mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 12 November 1995.
^ "El PP no se despega de ERC e IC". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 November 1995.
^ "Los socialistas seguirán siendo con diferencia la segunda fuerza". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 29 October 1995.
^ "La férrea estructura de poder de CiU en Cataluña permite que Pujol vuelva a rozar la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 29 October 1995.
^ "Jordi Pujol roza la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 October 1995.
^ "Pujol cede la mayoría absoluta y el PP dobla escaños". El País (in Spanish). 9 October 1995.
^ "Percepción de la realidad sociopolítica en Cataluña, Septiembre 1995 (Estudio nº 2192)". CIS (in Spanish). 18 October 1995.
^ "Estudio CIS nº 2192. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 18 October 1995.
^ "CiU roza la mayoría absoluta y el PSC pierde seis escaños, según un sondeo del CIS". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 19 October 1995.
^ "Pujol, inquieto ante el peligro de desmovilización de su electorado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 October 1995.
^ "El apoyo de Pujol a González le hará perder la mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento catalán". ABC (in Spanish). 30 July 1995.

Other

^ ^a ^b ^c "Ley Orgánica 4/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña". Organic Law No. 4 of 18 December 1979 (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2019.
^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
^ "Ley 3/1982, de 23 de marzo, del Parlamento, del Presidente y del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Generalidad". Law No. 3 of 23 March 1982 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
^ "Ley 8/1985, de 24 de mayo, de modificación de la Ley 3/1982, de 25 de marzo, del Parlamento, del Presidente y del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Generalidad de Cataluña". Law No. 8 of 24 May 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
^ "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
^ "Joaquim Nadal, alcalde de Girona, candidato socialista a la presidencia de la Generalitat". El País (in Spanish). 18 July 1995. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
^ "Electoral results. Parliament of Catalonia election 1995". resultats.dadeselectorals.gencat.cat (in Catalan). Government of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya (1980 - 2021)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2021.
^ "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1995. Barcelona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
^ "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1995. Girona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
^ "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1995. Lleida". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
^ "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1995. Tarragona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

[IC+EV-1] Results for IC (6.50%, 7 seats), PCC (0.84%, 0 seats) and AV–MEC (0.39%, 0 seats) in the 1992 election.

[Sondejos-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 5 July 2017.

[9] "Pujol, en el umbral de la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 12 November 1995.

[10] "Pujol renovará la mayoría absoluta". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 12 November 1995.

[11] "Descenso de Pujol, que puede fracasar en su empeño de gobernar con mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 12 November 1995.

[12] "El PP no se despega de ERC e IC". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 November 1995.

[13] "Los socialistas seguirán siendo con diferencia la segunda fuerza". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 29 October 1995.

[14] "La férrea estructura de poder de CiU en Cataluña permite que Pujol vuelva a rozar la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 29 October 1995.

[15] "Jordi Pujol roza la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 October 1995.

[16] "Pujol cede la mayoría absoluta y el PP dobla escaños". El País (in Spanish). 9 October 1995.

[17] "Percepción de la realidad sociopolítica en Cataluña, Septiembre 1995 (Estudio nº 2192)". CIS (in Spanish). 18 October 1995.

[18] "Estudio CIS nº 2192. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 18 October 1995.

[19] "CiU roza la mayoría absoluta y el PSC pierde seis escaños, según un sondeo del CIS". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 19 October 1995.

[20] "Pujol, inquieto ante el peligro de desmovilización de su electorado". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 October 1995.

[21] "El apoyo de Pujol a González le hará perder la mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento catalán". ABC (in Spanish). 30 July 1995.

[CatSoA-2] "Ley Orgánica 4/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña". Organic Law No. 4 of 18 December 1979 (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2019.

[3] Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.

[4] "Ley 3/1982, de 23 de marzo, del Parlamento, del Presidente y del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Generalidad". Law No. 3 of 23 March 1982 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.

[5] "Ley 8/1985, de 24 de mayo, de modificación de la Ley 3/1982, de 25 de marzo, del Parlamento, del Presidente y del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Generalidad de Cataluña". Law No. 8 of 24 May 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.

[SpaELaw-6] "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.

[7] "Joaquim Nadal, alcalde de Girona, candidato socialista a la presidencia de la Generalitat". El País (in Spanish). 18 July 1995. Retrieved 18 April 2014.

[22] "Electoral results. Parliament of Catalonia election 1995". resultats.dadeselectorals.gencat.cat (in Catalan). Government of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

[HE-23] "Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya (1980 - 2021)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2021.

[24] "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1995. Barcelona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

[25] "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1995. Girona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

[26] "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1995. Lleida". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

[27] "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1995. Tarragona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

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Summary