1998 in spaceflight

Summary

This article outlines notable events occurring in 1998 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

1998 in spaceflight
A Proton-K launches Zarya, the first module of the International Space Station
Orbital launches
First7 January
Last30 December
Total82
Successes75
Failures5
Partial failures2
Catalogued77
National firsts
Satellite Egypt
 Chile
Space traveller Spain
Rockets
Maiden flightsAthena II
Delta II 7326
Delta II 7420
Delta II 7425
Delta III
Shtil'
RetirementsAtlas II
Titan IVA
Crewed flights
Orbital7
Total travellers39

Zarya launch edit

Zarya was launched on 20 November 1998 on a Russian Proton rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81 in Kazakhstan to a 400 km (250 mi) high orbit with a designed lifetime of at least 15 years. After Zarya reached orbit, STS-88 launched on 4 December 1998 to attach the Unity module.

Although only designed to fly autonomously for six to eight months, Zarya was required to do so for almost two years due to delays to the Russian Service Module, Zvezda. Zvezda was finally launched on 12 July 2000, docking with Zarya on 26 July 2000.

Launches edit

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January edit

7 January
02:28
 Athena II  Spaceport Florida LC-46  Lockheed Martin
 Lunar Prospector NASA Selenocentric Lunar orbiter 31 July 1999 Successful
Maiden flight of Athena II, first orbital launch from Spaceport Florida
10 January
00:32
 Delta II 7925-9.5  Cape Canaveral SLC-17B  Boeing IDS
 Skynet 4D MoD Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
16 January
03:25
 Minuteman II  Vandenberg LF-03  US Air Force
 MSLS IFT-2 US Air Force Suborbital ABM target 16 January Successful
16 January
03:46
 Payload Launch Vehicle  Meck Island  US Air Force/Orbital Sciences
 EKV US Air Force Suborbital ABM interceptor 16 January Successful
22 January
12:56
 Shavit  Palmachim  ISA
 Ofeq-4 Intended: Low Earth (retrograde) Reconnaissance 22 January Launch Failure
Second stage failure
23 January
02:48
 Space Shuttle Endeavour  Kennedy LC-39A  United Space Alliance
 STS-89 NASA Low Earth (Mir) Shuttle-Mir Program 31 January
16:57
Successful
 SpaceHab Logistics Double Module NASA/SpaceHab Low Earth (Endeavour) Logistics
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
25 January
08:35
 S-310  Uchinoura Pad K  ISAS
 SEEK ISAS Suborbital Ozone/Aeronomy research 25 January Successful
26 January
12:26
 Nike Orion  Esrange  SSC
  MERMAID SSC/DLR Suborbital Microgravity research 26 January Successful
29 January
16:33
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Soyuz TM-27 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-25 25 August
05:24
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
29 January
18:37
 Atlas IIA  Cape Canaveral SLC-36A  
 USA-137 (SDS-3-1) NRO Molniya Communications In orbit Operational
NRO Launch 5
31 January
04:30
 S-520  Uchinoura Pad K  ISAS
 XUV Doppler Telescope ISAS Suborbital Solar observation 31 January Successful
31 January
23:43
 VS-30  Andøya  INPE
 AL-VS30-229 DLR Suborbital Aeronomy research 31 January Successful

February edit

4 February
23:29
 Ariane 4 44LP  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Brazilsat B3 Embratel Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
 Inmarsat 3F5 Inmarsat Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
5 February
08:30
 S-520  Uchinoura Pad K  ISAS
ISAS Suborbital Plasma research 5 February Successful
7 February
07:40
 Skylark VII  Esrange Pad S  SSC
 TEXUS 36 SSC Suborbital Microgravity research 7 February Successful
10 February  Trident C-4  Submarine, Eastern Range  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 10 February Successful
10 February  Trident C-4  Submarine, Eastern Range  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 10 February Successful
10 February  Trident C-4  Submarine, Eastern Range  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 10 February Successful
10 February  Trident C-4  Submarine, Eastern Range  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 10 February Successful
10 February
13:20
 Taurus 2210  Vandenberg LC-576E  Orbital Sciences
 GFO US Navy Low Earth Radar altimetry In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm G1 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm G2 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Celestis-02 Celestis Low Earth Space burial In orbit Successful
11 February
09:42
 Nike-Orion  Esrange  DLR
 Texus-5 DLR Suborbital Microgravity research 11 February Successful
14 February
14:34
 Delta II 7420-10C  Cape Canaveral SLC-17A  Boeing IDS
 Globalstar 1 Globalstar Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Globalstar 4 Globalstar Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Globalstar 2 Globalstar Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Globalstar 3 Globalstar Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Maiden flight of Delta II 7420
17 February
10:34
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 31/6  
 Kosmos 2349 (Yantar) Low Earth Cartography 2 April Successful
18 February
13:58
 Delta II 7920-10C  Vandenberg SLC-2W  Boeing IDS
 Iridium 52 Iridium Low Earth Communications 5 November 2018[1] Successful
 Iridium 56 Iridium Low Earth Communications 11 October 2018[2] Successful
 Iridium 54 Iridium Low Earth Communications 11 May 2019[3] Successful
 Iridium 50 Iridium Low Earth Communications 23 September 2018[4] Successful
 Iridium 53 Iridium Low Earth Communications 30 September 2018[5] Successful
19 February  R-29  Submarine, Barents Sea  Russian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test 19 February Successful
19 February  R-29  Submarine, Barents Sea  Russian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test 19 February Successful
20 February
00:09
 Black Brant VC  Arecibo  NASA
 Coqui Dos SAL NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research 20 February Successful
20 February
00:37
 Black Brant VC  Arecibo  NASA
 Coqui Dos NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research 20 February Successful
20 February
08:23
 Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-04  US Air Force
 FOT GT166GM US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 20 February Failure
21 February
07:55
 H-II  Tanegashima LA-Y  NASDA
 Kakehashi (COMETS) NASDA Intended: Geosynchronous
Actual: Medium Earth
Communications In orbit Partial Failure
Upper stage failure led to lower orbit than planned
25 February
03:17
 Black Brant VC  Arecibo  NASA
 Coqui Dos NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research 25 February Successful
25 February
07:43
 Taurus-Orion  Arecibo  NASA
NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research 25 February Successful
25 February
07:50
 Terrier-Orion  Arecibo  NASA
 EDDY NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research 25 February Successful
26 February
07:07
 Pegasus-XL  Stargazer, Vandenberg  Orbital Sciences
 SNOE NASA/UC Boulder Low Earth Nitric Oxide research 13 December 2003 Successful
 Teledesic 1 Teledesic Low Earth Communications 9 October 2000 Successful
27 February
22:38
 Ariane 4 42P  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Hot Bird 4 Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
28 February
00:21
 Atlas IIAS  Cape Canaveral SLC-36B   International Launch Services
 Intelsat 806 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

March edit

3 March
22:33
 Nike-Orion  Esrange  SSC
 NLTE-1 Atomic 2A SSC Suborbital Ionosphere research 3 March Successful
6 March
21:26
 Nike-Orion  Esrange  SSC
 NLTE-2 Atomic 2B SSC Suborbital Ionosphere research 3 March Successful
7 March
01:33
 Black Brant VC  Arecibo  NASA
 Coqui Dos NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research 7 March Successful
7 March  Trident D-5  Submarine, Eastern Range  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 7 March Successful
7 March  Trident D-5  Submarine, Eastern Range  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 7 March Successful
10 March  Trident D-5  Submarine, Eastern Range  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 10 March Successful
10 March  Trident D-5  Submarine, Eastern Range  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 10 March Successful
11 March
23:39
 Black Brant IX  Arecibo  NASA
 Coqui Dos LaTuR NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research 11 March Successful
14 March
22:45
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Progress M-38 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics 15 May Successful
 VDU 2 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir attitude control unit 23 March 2001
05:50
Successful
16 March
21:32
 Atlas II  Cape Canaveral SLC-36A  
 USA-138 (UHF F/O F8) US Navy Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Final flight of baseline Atlas II
21 March  VS-40  Alcântara  INPE
INPE Suborbital Test sounding rocket 21 March Successful
24 March
01:46
 Ariane 4 40  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 SPOT 4 CNES Sun-synchronous Earth Imaging In orbit Operational
25 March
01:45
 Black Brant VC  Arecibo  NASA
 Coqui Dos NASA Suborbital Ionosphere research 25 March Successful
25 March
17:01
 Long March 2C  Taiyuan LC-1  
 Iridium 51 Iridium Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Iridium 61 Iridium Low Earth Communications 23 July 2019[6] Successful
30 March
06:02
 Delta II 7920-10C  Vandenberg SLC-2W  Boeing IDS
 Iridium 55 Iridium Low Earth Communications 31 March 2019[7] Successful
 Iridium 57 Iridium Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Iridium 58 Iridium Low Earth Communications 7 April 2019[8] Successful
 Iridium 59 Iridium Low Earth Communications 11 March 2019[9] Successful
 Iridium 60 Iridium Low Earth Communications 17 March 2019[10] Successful

April edit

2 April
02:42
 Pegasus-XL  Stargazer, Vandenberg  Orbital Sciences
 TRACE NASA Low Earth Solar research In orbit Operational
6 April  Ghauri  Tilla  PAF
PAF Suborbital Missile test 6 April Successful
Maiden flight of Ghauri
6 April  RH-560/200 MK II  Sriharikota  ISRO
ISRO Suborbital Aeronomy research 6 April Successful
7 April
02:13
 Proton-K/17S40  Baikonur Site 81/23   International Launch Services
 Iridium 62 Iridium Low Earth Communications 7 November 2018[11] Successful
 Iridium 63 Iridium Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Iridium 64 Iridium Low Earth Communications 1 April 2019[12] Successful
 Iridium 65 Iridium Low Earth Communications 19 July 2018[13] Successful
 Iridium 66 Iridium Low Earth Communications 23 August 2018[14] Successful
 Iridium 67 Iridium Low Earth Communications 2 July 2018[15] Successful
 Iridium 68 Iridium Low Earth Communications 6 June 2018[16] Successful
15 April  R-36M2  Baikonur  RVSN
RVSN/ISC Kosmotras Suborbital Missile test 15 April Successful
Part of Dnepr development programme
17 April
18:05
 Strypi  Pacific Missile Range  Sandia
 Red Crow BMDO Suborbital Technology development 17 April Successful
17 April
18:19
 Space Shuttle Columbia  Kennedy LC-39B  United Space Alliance
 STS-90 NASA Low Earth Microgravity research 3 May
16:09
Successful
 Spacelab LM-2 (Neurolab) NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Life science research
 EDO Pallet NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Cryogenic mission duration extension pallet
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
Final flight of Spacelab Long Module No. 2
18 April
04:00
 Black Brant IX  White Sands  NASA
NASA Suborbital Ultraviolet astronomy 18 April Successful
18 April
07:30
 Black Brant IX  White Sands  NASA
NASA Suborbital Ultraviolet astronomy 18 April Successful
24 April
22:38
 Delta II 7420-10C  Cape Canaveral SLC-17A  Boeing IDS
 Globalstar 14 Globalstar Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Globalstar 6 Globalstar Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Globalstar 15 Globalstar Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Globalstar 8 Globalstar Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
28 April
12:10
 Black Brant IXB  SpacePort Canada  Akjuit Aerospace
 ACTIVE CSA Suborbital Ionosphere research 28 April Successful
First and only launch conducted by Akjuit Aerospace. Final launch from the SpacePort Canada (Churchill Rocket Research Range) site.
28 April
22:53
 Ariane 4 44P  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Nilesat 101 Nilesat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
 BSAT-1B BSAT Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Nilesat is the first Egyptian satellite
29 April
04:36
 Proton-K/DM-2  Baikonur Site 200/39  RVSN
 Kosmos 2350 (Prognoz SPRN) RVSN Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

May edit

2 May
09:16
 Long March 2C  Taiyuan LC-1  
 Iridium 69 Iridium Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Iridium 71 Iridium Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
7 May
08:53
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 16/2  
 Kosmos 2351 (Oko) MO RF Molniya Early Warning In orbit Operational
7 May
10:30
 Peacekeeper  Vandenberg LF-05  US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 7 May Successful
7 May
23:45
 Proton-K/DM-2M  Baikonur Site 81/23   International Launch Services
 EchoStar 4 EchoStar Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
9 May
01:38
 Titan IVB 401/Centaur  Cape Canaveral SLC-40  Lockheed Martin
 USA-139 / Orion 4 NRO Geosynchronous SIGINT In orbit Operational
NROL-6 mission.
12 May
11:22
 Hera  White Sands LC-94  US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital ABM Target 12 May Successful
12 May
11:25
 THAAD  White Sands  US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital ABM Interceptor 12 May Failure
13 May
15:52
 Titan 23G  Vandenberg SLC-4W  Lockheed Martin
 NOAA-15 (NOAA-K) NOAA Sun-synchronous Weather satellite In orbit Operational
14 May
22:12
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Progress M-39 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics 29 October
04:14
Successful
17 May
21:16
 Delta II 7920-10C  Vandenberg SLC-2W  Boeing IDS
 Iridium 70 Iridium Low Earth Communications 11 October 2018[17] Successful
 Iridium 72 Iridium Low Earth Communications 14 May 2018[18] Successful
 Iridium 73 Iridium Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Iridium 74 Iridium Low Earth Communications 11 June 2017[19] Successful
 Iridium 75 Iridium Low Earth Communications 10 July 2018[20] Successful
22 May
06:22
 Black Brant IX  White Sands  NASA
 NITE NASA Suborbital Infrared astronomy 22 May Successful
30 May
10:00
 Long March 3B  Xichang LC-2  
 Zhongwei 1 (ChinaStar 1) COTSC Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

June edit

2 June
22:06
 Space Shuttle Discovery  Kennedy LC-39A  United Space Alliance
 STS-91 NASA Low Earth (Mir) Shuttle-Mir flight 12 June
18:00
Successful
 SpaceHab Logistics Double Module NASA/SpaceHab Low Earth (Discovery) Logistics
 AMS-01 ESA Low Earth (Discovery) Particle physics
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts, landing with seven
Final Shuttle-Mir flight and first shuttle flight with Super-lightweight Aluminium/Lithium ET
3 June
19:57
 Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-26  US Air Force
 FOT GT167GB US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 3 June Successful
10 June
00:35
 Delta II 7925-9.5  Cape Canaveral SLC-17A  Boeing IDS
 Thor 3 Telenor Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
11 June
01:00
 KSR-II  Anhueng  KARI
KARI Suborbital Ionosphere research
X-ray astronomy
11 June Successful
15 June
22:58
 Tsyklon-3  Plesetsk Site 32  
 Kosmos 2352 (Strela-3) MO RF Intended: Medium Earth
Actual: Low Earth
Communications In orbit Partial Failure
 Kosmos 2353 (Strela-3) MO RF Intended: Medium Earth
Actual: Low Earth
Communications In orbit Partial Failure
 Kosmos 2354 (Strela-3) MO RF Intended: Medium Earth
Actual: Low Earth
Communications In orbit Partial Failure
 Kosmos 2355 (Strela-3) MO RF Intended: Medium Earth
Actual: Low Earth
Communications In orbit Partial Failure
 Kosmos 2356 (Strela-3) MO RF Intended: Medium Earth
Actual: Low Earth
Communications In orbit Partial Failure
 Kosmos 2357 (Strela-3) MO RF Intended: Medium Earth
Actual: Low Earth
Communications In orbit Partial Failure
Third stage failure left satellites in lower orbit than planned
16 June
14:19
 Nike-Orion  Wallops Island  NASA
NASA Suborbital Test sounding rocket 16 June Successful
18 June
22:48
 Atlas IIAS  Cape Canaveral SLC-36A   International Launch Services
 Intelsat 805 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
24 June
08:01
 Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-09  US Air Force
 GRP-IDF-1 US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 24 June Successful
24 June
12:46
 Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-10  US Air Force
 FOT GT168GM US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 24 June Successful
24 June
18:29
 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 43/3  
 Kosmos 2358 (Yantar) MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance 22 October Successful
25 June
14:00
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 31/6  
 Kosmos 2359 (Yantar) MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance 12 July 1999 Successful

July edit

1 July
00:48
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 43/3  
 Molniya 3–49 MOM Molniya Communications 2 February 2011 Successful
3 July
18:12
 M-V  Uchinoura  ISAS
 Nozomi (PLANET-B) ISAS Intended: Areocentric
Actual: Heliocentric
Mars orbiter In orbit Spacecraft failure
Gravity assist produced less velocity than expected, spacecraft ran out of fuel trying to compensate
7 July
03:15
 Shtil'  Novomoskovsk (K-407), Barents Sea  
 Tubsat-N TUB Low Earth Communications 23 April 2002 Successful
 Tubsat-N1 TUB Low Earth Communications 21 October 2000 Successful
 Shtil 1 Makeev Low Earth Measure carrier rocket performance 8 May 2014 Successful
Maiden flight of Shtil' and first orbital launch from a submarine
10 July
06:30
 Zenit-2  Baikonur Site 45/1  
 Resurs-O1 4 Low Earth Remote sensing In orbit Operational
 Fasat-Bravo FACh Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
TMSAT Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Gurwin Techsat 1B Technion Low Earth Technology development In orbit Operational
WESTPAC WPLTN Low Earth Laser tracking In orbit Operational
 SAFIR-2 DLR Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Fasat-Bravo is the first successful Chilean satellite
18 July
09:20
 Long March 3B  Xichang LC-2  
 Sinosat-1 SinoSat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
22 July  Shahab-3  Emamshahr  
Suborbital Missile test 22 July Failure
Maiden flight of Shahab-3
28 July
09:15
 Zenit-2  Baikonur Site 45/1  
 Kosmos 2360 (Tselina-2) MO RF Low Earth SIGINT In orbit Operational

August edit

2 August
16:24
 Pegasus-XL/HAPS  Stargazer, Wallops Flight Facility  Orbital Sciences
 Orbcomm B5 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm B6 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm B7 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm B8 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm B4 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications 22 December 2018
07:12
Successful
 Orbcomm B3 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm B2 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm B1 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
The decommissioned Orbcomm B4 satellite disintegrated into 34 pieces in 2018; the cause is under investigation as of January 2019[21]
12 August
11:30
 Titan IVA 401/Centaur  Cape Canaveral SLC-41  Lockheed Martin
 Mercury-3 Intended: Geosynchronous ELINT 12 August
T+40 seconds
Launch Failure
Final flight of Titan IVA
Control lost after guidance system malfunction; Range Safety self-destruct
13 August
09:43
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Soyuz TM-28 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-26 28 February 1999
02:14
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
15 August
05:30
 Black Brant IX  White Sands  NASA
 EEV CCD NASA Suborbital X-ray astronomy 15 August Successful
19 August
23:01
 Long March 2C  Taiyuan LC-1  
 Iridium 3 Iridium Low Earth Communications 8 February 2018[22] Successful
 Iridium 76 Iridium Low Earth Communications 28 August 2018[23] Successful
21 August  R-29  Submarine, Barents Sea  Russian Navy
Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test 21 August Successful
25 August
23:07
 Ariane 4 44P  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
  ST-1 Singapore Telecom/Chunghwa Telecom Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
27 August
01:17
 Delta III 8930  Cape Canaveral SLC-17B  Boeing IDS
 Galaxy 10 PanAmSat Intended: Geosynchronous Communications 27 August
T+75 seconds
Launch Failure
Maiden flight of Delta III
Hydraulic failure in thrust vectoring system led to range safety self-destruct
30 August
00:31
 Proton-K/DM-2M  Baikonur Site 81/23   International Launch Services
 Astra 2A SES Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
31 August
03:07
 Taepodong-1  Musudan-ri  
 Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 Chongon Intended: Low Earth Communications 31 August Launch Failure
First North Korean orbital launch attempt; Never achieved orbit due to a suspected third stage failure

September edit

8 September
21:13
 Delta II 7920-10C  Vandenberg SLC-2W  Boeing IDS
 Iridium 82 Iridium Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Iridium 81 Iridium Low Earth Communications 17 July 2018[24] Successful
 Iridium 80 Iridium Low Earth Communications 12 August 2018[25] Successful
 Iridium 79 Iridium Low Earth Communications 29 November 2000 Spacecraft Failure
 Iridium 77 Iridium Low Earth Communications 22 September 2017[26] Spacecraft Failure
9 September
20:29
 Zenit-2  Baikonur Site 45/1  
 Globalstar 5 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications 9 September Launch Failure
 Globalstar 7 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 9 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 10 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 11 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 12 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 13 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 16 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 17 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 18 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 20 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
 Globalstar 21 Globalstar Intended: Low Earth Communications
Computer error caused premature second stage cutout
16 September
06:31
 Ariane 4 44LP  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 PanAmSat 7 PanAmSat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
16 September
11:10
 Topol  Plesetsk Site 158  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 16 September Successful
18 September
08:01
 Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-26  US Air Force
 GRP-IDF-2 US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 18 September Successful
18 September
15:00
 Black Brant IX  White Sands  NASA
 SOAREX-1 NASA Suborbital Hypersonic dynamics test 18 September Successful
21 September
14:51
 RH-560/300 MK II  Sriharikota  ISRO
  DEOS F06 ISRO/DLR Suborbital Ionosphere research 21 September Successful
23 September
05:06
 Pegasus-XL/HAPS  Stargazer, Wallops Island  Orbital Sciences
 Orbcomm C1 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm C2 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm C3 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm C4 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm C5 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm C6 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm C7 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm C8 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
24 September
12:50
 Storm-2  White Sands LC-32  Orbital Sciences
 MTTV US Air Force Suborbital Target 24 September Successful
 MTD-3 US Air Force Suborbital Weapons test 24 September Successful
28 September
15:11
 RH-560/300 MK II  Sriharikota  ISRO
  DEOS F07 ISRO/DLR Suborbital Ionosphere research 28 September Successful
28 September
23:41
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 43/3  
 Molniya-1T MOM Molniya Communications In orbit Operational

October edit

3 October
10:04
 Taurus 1110  Vandenberg LC-576E  Orbital Sciences
 STEX NRO Low Earth Technology research In orbit Partial satellite failure
 USA-141 (ATeX) NRO Low Earth Technology research In orbit Satellite failure
ATeX failed to deploy fully and was jettisoned from STEX on 16 January 1999 to protect the main spacecraft
5 October
22:51
 Ariane 4 44L  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Eutelsat W2 Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
 Sirius 3 NSAB Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
7 October
12:00
 UR-100NU  Baikonur  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 7 October Successful
9 October
22:50
 Atlas IIA  Cape Canaveral SLC-36B   International Launch Services
 Hot Bird 5 Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
20 October
07:19
 Atlas IIA  Cape Canaveral SLC-36A  
 USA-140 (UHF F/O F9) US Navy Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
21 October
16:37
 Ariane 5G  Kourou ELA-3  Arianespace
 Maqsat 3 ESA Geosynchronous transfer Monitor rocket performance In orbit Successful
 ARD ESA Suborbital Spacecraft recovery demonstration 21 October Successful
ARD recovered in Pacific Ocean by French Navy
22 October
12:53
 Topol  Plesetsk Site 158  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 22 October Failure
Self-destruct activated after rocket went off course
23 October
00:02
 Pegasus-H  Stargazer, Cape Canaveral  Orbital Sciences
 SCD-2 INPE Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
24 October
21:13
 Delta II 7326-9.5  Cape Canaveral SLC-17A  Boeing IDS
 Deep Space 1 NASA Heliocentric Asteroid/Comet probe In orbit Successful
 SEDSAT-1 Alabama Low Earth Amateur radio In orbit Operational
Maiden flight of Delta II 7326
Deep Space 1 performed flybys of 1992 KD and 19P/Borrelly
25 October
04:14
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Progress M-40 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics 5 February 1999
11:10
Successful
   Sputnik-41 ACF/AMSAT/RuAF Low Earth Amateur radio 11 January 1999 Successful
Sputnik-41 deployed from Mir during an EVA on 10 November
28 October
22:15
 Ariane 4 44L  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 AfriStar 1worldspace Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
 GE 5 GE Americom Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
29 October
19:19
 Space Shuttle Discovery  Kennedy LC-39B  United Space Alliance
 STS-95 NASA Low Earth Microgravity research 7 November
17:03
Successful
 SpaceHab Single Module NASA/SpaceHab Low Earth (Discovery) Scientific research
 SPARTAN-201 NASA Low Earth Solar observation
 PANSAT (PO-34) US Navy Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Spanish space traveller (Pedro Duque) and the oldest person to fly in space (John Glenn)
PANSAT deployed on 30 October; SPARTAN deployed on 1 November and retrieved on 3 November

November edit

2 November
18:20
 Black Brant IX  White Sands  NASA
 SOPHIE (NCAR/CU-7) NASA Suborbital Ultraviolet solar observation 2 November Successful
4 November
05:12
 Proton-K/DM-2M  Baikonur Site 81/23   International Launch services
 PanAmSat 8 PanAmSat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
6 November
01:32
 AIT-1  Kodiak Island  Orbital Sciences
US Air Force Suborbital Rocket test 6 November Successful
First launch from Kodiak Island
6 November
13:37
 Delta II 7920-10C  Vandenberg SLC-2W  Boeing IDS
 Iridium 2 Iridium Low Earth Communications In orbit Spacecraft failure
 Iridium 86 Iridium Low Earth Communications 5 October 2018[27] Successful
 Iridium 85 Iridium Low Earth Communications 30 December 2000 Spacecraft failure
 Iridium 84 Iridium Low Earth Communications 4 November 2018[28] Successful
 Iridium 83 Iridium Low Earth Communications 5 November 2018[29] Successful
18 November
15:40
 Black Brant IX  White Sands  NASA
NASA Suborbital Microgravity research 18 November Successful
18 November
23:00
 TR-1  Tanegashima LA-T  NASDA
NASDA Suborbital Microgravity research 18 November Successful
20 November  Aries  Pacific Missile Range  US Air Force
 TTV-1 US Air Force Suborbital Target vehicle 20 November Successful
20 November
05:12
 Proton-K  Baikonur Site 81/23  Roskosmos
 Zarya NASA/Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS module In orbit Operational
First launch of the International Space Station programme
22 November
23:54
 Delta II 7925-9.5  Cape Canaveral SLC-17B  Boeing IDS
 BONUM-1 Telenor Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
24 November
09:53
 Maxus  Esrange  SSC
ESA Suborbital Scientific research 24 November Successful

December edit

3 December
11:04
 Nike-Orion  Esrange  DLR
 Mini-Texus 6 DLR Suborbital Microgravity research 3 December Successful
4 December
08:35
 Space Shuttle Endeavour  Kennedy LC-39A  United Space Alliance
 STS-88 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 16 December
04:53
Successful
 Unity (Node 1) NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS module In orbit Operational
 PMA-1 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS component In orbit Operational
 PMA-2 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS component In orbit Operational
 SAC-A CONAE Low Earth Technology demonstration 25 October 1999 Successful
 MightySat 1 US Air Force Low Earth Technology demonstration 21 November 1999 Successful
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts
First crewed flight to the International Space Station
SAC-A deployed on 14 December and MightySat on 15 December
6 December
00:43
 Ariane 4 42L  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Satmex 5 Satmex Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
6 December
00:57
 Pegasus-XL  Stargazer, Vandenberg  Orbital Sciences
 SWAS NASA Low Earth Astronomy In orbit Operational
8 December
11:25
 Topol  Plesetsk Site 158  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 8 December Successful
9 December
10:20
 RT-23  Plesetsk  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Test flight 9 December Successful
10 December  UR-100NU  Baikonur  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 10 December Successful
10 December
11:57
 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 132/1  
 Nadezhda 5 MO RF Low Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
 Astrid-2 SSC Low Earth Aurora research In orbit Operational
11 December
18:45
 Delta II 7425-9.5  Cape Canaveral SLC-17A  Boeing IDS
 Mars Climate Orbiter NASA Intended: Areocentric
Actual: Heliocentric
Mars orbiter 23 September 1999 Spacecraft failure
Maiden flight of Delta II 7425
MCO crashed into Mars during orbital inserition due to error in unit conversions between Metric and Imperial
15 December  Sounding Rocket I  Jiu Peng Air Base  NSPO
NSPO Suborbital Ionospheric research 15 December Successful
Apogee: ~280 km (174 mi)
19 December
11:39
 Long March 2C  Taiyuan LC-1  
 Iridium 20 Iridium Low Earth Communications 22 October 2018[30] Successful
 Iridium 11 Iridium Low Earth Communications 22 October 2018[31] Successful
22 December
01:08
 Ariane 4 42L  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 PAS-6B PanAmSat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
24 December
20:02
 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 132/1  
 Kosmos 2361 (Parus) MO RF Low Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
30 December
18:35
 Proton-K/DM-2  Baikonur Site 200/39  
 Kosmos 2362 (GLONASS) MOM Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2363 (GLONASS) MOM Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2364 (GLONASS) MOM Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational

Deep-space rendezvous edit

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
11 January Lunar Prospector Selenocentric orbit injection
23 January NEAR Flyby of the Earth Closest approach: 540 kilometres (340 mi)
10 February Galileo 5th flyby of Europa
29 March Galileo 6th flyby of Europa
26 April Cassini 1st flyby of Venus Gravity assist
13 May AsiaSat 3/HGS 1 comsat 1st flyby of the Moon First use of moon's gravity for a recovery mission; Closest approach: 6,200 kilometres (3,900 mi)
31 May Galileo 7th flyby of Europa
1 June AsiaSat 3/HGS 1 2nd flyby of the Moon Closest approach: 34,300 kilometres (21,300 mi)
21 July Galileo 8th flyby of Europa
26 September Galileo 9th flyby of Europa
22 November Galileo 10th flyby of Europa
20 December Nozomi 1st flyby of the Earth
23 December NEAR Flyby of 433 Eros Closest approach: 3,827 kilometres (2,378 mi)

EVAs edit

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Function Remarks
8 January
23:08
3 hours
6 minutes
9 January
02:14
Mir EO-24  Anatoly Solovyev
 Pavel Vinogradov
Repaired the damaged airlock sealing system, used the Strela boom to move across Mir and recover an American optical monitoring experiment. Checked the integrity of cable connects to several antennas.[32]
14 January
21:12
3 hours
52 minutes
15 January
01:04
Mir EO-24  Anatoly Solovyev
 David Wolf
Continued to make more repairs to the airlock hatch on Kvant-2 and used a handheld photo-reflectometer to inspect the exterior surface of the station.[33]
1 April
13:35
6 hours
40 minutes
20:15 Mir EO-25  Talgat Musabayev
 Nikolai Budarin
Installed a set of handrails and one of two-foot restraints on the outside of the Spektr module in preparation for the repair of the damaged solar array.[34]
6 April
13:35
4 hours
15 minutes
17:50 Mir EO-25  Talgat Musabayev
 Nikolai Budarin
Begin repair of the damaged Spektr solar panel. After installing a splint on the frayed panel, the spacewalkers had to quickly return to the airlock to handle a problem with station attitude control.[35]
11 April
09:55
6 Hours
25 minutes
16:20 Mir EO-25  Talgat Musabayev
 Nikolai Budarin
Jettisoned the external thruster engine (VDU) that had been located at the top of the Sofora boom and recover an experiment from the Rapana structure.[36] Dismantling of the Rapana structure was not completed.[37]
17 April
07:40
6 Hours
33 minutes
14:13 Mir EO-25  Talgat Musabayev
 Nikolai Budarin
Removed two structures and secured them to exterior surfaces and repositioned the new thrust engine (VDU) for future use.[37]
22 April
05:34
6 Hours
21 minutes
11:55 Mir EO-25  Talgat Musabayev
 Nikolai Budarin
Completed installation of the new VDU thruster unit on top of the Sofora boom.[38]
15 September
20:00
30 minutes 20:30 Mir EO-26  Gennady Padalka
 Sergei Avdeyev
Internal spacewalk in the depressurised Spektr module to connect electrical and control cables to the solar array servo motor.[39]
10 November
19:24
5 hours
54 minutes
11 November
01:18
Mir EO-26  Gennady Padalka
 Sergei Avdeyev
Deployed Sputnik-41, deployed a French "meteorite trap" intended to catch some dust from the upcoming Leonids meteor shower.[40]
7 December
22:10
7 hours
21 minutes
8 December
05:31
STS-88
ISS Endeavour
 Jerry L. Ross
 James H. Newman
Connected computer and electrical cables between the Unity node, the two mating adapters attached to either end of Unity, and the Zarya Functional Cargo Block (FGB).[41] First ISS assembly EVA
9 December
20:33
7 hours
2 minutes
10 December
03:35
STS-88
ISS Endeavour
 Jerry L. Ross
 James H. Newman
Installed two box-like antennas on the outside of the Unity module that are part of the S-band early communications system.[42]
12 December
20:33
6 hours
59 minutes
13 December
03:32
STS-88
ISS Endeavour
 Jerry L. Ross
 James H. Newman
Checked on an insulation cover on a cable connection on the lower Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) to make sure it was fully installed, attached EVA tools on the side of Unity's upper mating adapter (PMA-1) in preparation for future EVAs, and inspected Orbiter Space Vision System targets on Unity.[43]

References edit

  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
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  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:
  Spaceflight portal

Footnotes edit

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  2. ^ "IRIDIUM 56". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  3. ^ "IRIDIUM 54". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
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  6. ^ "IRIDIUM 61". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  7. ^ "IRIDIUM 55". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
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  9. ^ "IRIDIUM 59". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  10. ^ "IRIDIUM 60". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  11. ^ "IRIDIUM 62". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
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  13. ^ "IRIDIUM 65". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
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  21. ^ Henry, Caleb (2 January 2019). "FIRST UP Satcom | Orbcomm satellite breaks up • OneWeb denies Russian investment talks". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
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  29. ^ "IRIDIUM 83". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
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  31. ^ "IRIDIUM 11". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  32. ^ van der Berg, Chris (9 January 1998). "MIRNEWS 9 JANUARY 1998 (402)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  33. ^ van der Berg, Chris (16 January 1998). "MIRNEWS 16 JANUARY 1998 (403)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  34. ^ van der Berg, Chris (2 April 1998). "MIRNEWS 2 APRIL 1998 (415)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
  35. ^ van der Berg, Chris (7 April 1998). "MIRNEWS.416 7 APRIL 1998". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
  36. ^ van der Berg, Chris (12 April 1998). "MIRNEWS.417 12 APRIL 1998". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
  37. ^ a b van der Berg, Chris (17 April 1998). "MIRNEWS.418 17 APRIL 1998". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
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