The 210s decade ran from January 1, 210, to December 31, 219.
Events
210
By placeedit
Roman Empireedit
Having suffered heavy losses since invading Scotland in 208, Emperor Septimius Severus sends his son - Caracalla - to systematically wipe out and torture the Scots into submission.[1]
December 19 – Geta is lured to come without his bodyguards to meet Caracalla, to discuss a possible reconciliation. When he arrives the Praetorian Guard murders him, and he dies in the arms of his mother Julia Domna.
Roman jurist Papinian, one of the famous jurists who flourished during the reign of the late emperor Septimius Severus, refuses to write a legal defence for the murder of Caracalla's brother, Publius Septimius Geta. He is beheaded in Rome, in Caracalla's presence.[citation needed]
Caracalla quiets the objections of the Roman army to Geta's murder, by huge donations.[citation needed]
Emperor Caracalla leaves Rome and expels some Germanic marauders from Gaul, while his mother, Julia Domna, rules the Empire.[2] He defends the northern Rhine frontier against the Alamanni and the Chatti. Caracalla wins over the Germanic tribes on the banks of the River Main, and gives himself the title "Germanicus". It is probably while campaigning in Germania that he takes a liking to the caracalla, a Celtic or Germanictunic from which he acquires the name by which he is known.
China (Han dynasty)edit
Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Han dynasty, is titled Wei Gong (Duke of Wei) and given a fief of ten cities under his domain.[3] This later becomes the Kingdom of Wei.
Caracalla's troops massacre the population of Alexandria, Egypt,[5] beginning with the leading citizens. The emperor is angry about a satire, produced in Alexandria, mocking his claim that he killed Geta in self-defense.
A coin, the Antoninianus, is introduced.[6][7] The weight of this coin is a mere 1/50 of a pound. Copper disappears gradually, and by the middle of the third century, with Rome's economy in crisis, the Antonianus will be the only official currency.
Summer – Battle of Nisibis: A Roman army, under the command of Macrinus, is defeated in a three days' battle by the Parthians at Nisibis, in the province of Mesopotamia.
Diadumenianus, son of Macrinus, escapes to the Parthian court, but is captured at Zeugma and also put to death.
Asiaedit
Spring – Ji Ben (or Ji Ping), Chinese court physician, plots a rebellion in the imperial capital Xu (modern-day Xuchang), but the revolt is suppressed and the conspirators are captured and executed.
By topicedit
Commerceedit
The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 43 percent under the reign of Elagabalus, down from 50 percent under Septimius Severus, as he empties the treasury.
Julia Maesa arranges, for her grandson Elagabalus, a marriage with Julia Paula. The wedding is a lavish ceremony and Paula is given the honorific title of Augusta.
^Southern, Patricia. The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine Routledge, 2015. 62.
^Messalla (2015-12-20). "Caracalla: The Years 213-214". - Corvinus -. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
^Kessler, P. L. "Kingdoms of China - Cao Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms". The History Files. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
^ ab"List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
^Heine, Ronald E. (25 November 2010). Origen: Scholarship in the Service of the Church. Oxford University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-19-920907-1. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
^Metcalf, William E. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. Oxford University Press. p. 541. ISBN 978-0-19-937218-8.
^Lucassen, Jan (2007). Wages and Currency: Global Comparisons from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-03910-782-7. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
^Piranomonte, Marina (2008). The Baths of Caracalla : guide. Italy. Soprintendenza speciale per i beni archeologici di Roma (New ed., 1st ed.). Milano: Electa. ISBN 978-88-370-6302-3. OCLC 233929517.
^Dunstan, William E. (2011). Ancient Rome. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-6834-1. OCLC 694787211.
^p41 Foot-Ball: Its History for Five Centuries, by Montague Shearman and James E. Vincent (Field & Tuer, 1885) p41
^Marion von Adlerstein, The Penguin Book Of Etiquette (Penguin UK, 2007)
^White, John (2015). The Roman Emperor Aurelian : Restorer of the World. Pen & Sword Books Ltd. pp. Chapter 4. ISBN 978-1-4738-4477-3. OCLC 935324108.
^"Iran Chamber Society: Religion in Iran: Manichaeism". www.iranchamber.com. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
^Ermatinger, James W. (2018). The Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 245. ISBN 978-1-4408-3809-5.
^"Septimius Severus | Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
^"Publius Septimius Geta - Roman emperor [died 212]". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
^Bumbacher, Stephan Peter (2016). "Reconstructing the Zhuang Zi: Preliminary Considerations" (PDF). Asiatische Studien. 70 (3). Zurich: University of Zurich: 650. doi:10.5167/uzh-133211.
^"Caracalla | Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol. 2): A Reference Guide, Part Two. BRILL. 2013. p. 986. ISBN 9789004201644.