Rome's enemies (the Germans, Sarmatians and Huns) are taken into Imperial service; as a consequence, barbarian leaders begin to play an increasingly active role in the Roman Empire.
November 24 – Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople.
Easter Island, in the south Pacific Ocean, has been occupied by Neolithic seafarers under Hotu Matu'a ("supreme chief"), who about this time begin to fortify the island.
By topicedit
Arts and sciencesedit
Important works on mathematics and astronomy are written in Sanskrit.
The Visigothic chieftain Athanaric becomes the first foreign king to visit the Eastern Roman capital of Constantinople. He negotiates a peace treaty with emperor Theodosius I that makes his people foederati as "one body within the imperial soldiery".[2] Athanaric dies 2 weeks later[3] after an 18-year reign in which he has been undisputed king of all the Goths for just 1 year. The peace will continue until Theodosius's death in 395.
The Sciri together with the Huns attack along Rome's lower Danubian frontier.[4]
October 3 – Emperor Theodosius I commands his general Saturninus to conclude a peace treaty with the Visigoths, allowing them to settle south of the Danube. They are installed as foederati in Moesia and Thrace with the title of "Allies of the Roman People", in exchange for furnishing a contingent of auxiliary troops to defend the borders.
Roman troops in Britain proclaim Magnus Maximus Emperor. He crosses over to the continent and makes Trier his capital.[8]Gaul, the Italian provinces and Hispania proclaim loyalty to him.
King Shapur III signs a treaty with Theodosius I. Armenia is divided in two kingdoms, and becomes a vassal state of the Roman Empire and Persia. The friendly relations survive for 36 years.
Asiaedit
King Chimnyu ascends to the throne of Baekje (Korea);[11] he welcomes the Indian Buddhist monk Marananta into his palace, and later declares Buddhism the official religion.
The Battle of Fei River - Former Qin forces are defeated by the numerically inferior Eastern Jin army, preserving the Jin state in the south and precipitating the destruction of Former Qin in the north.
Jerome, Christian prophet, writes his celebrated letter "De custodia virginitatis" (vow of virginity) to Eustochium, daughter of the ascetic Paula. He has by this time completed his Vulgate translation of the Gospels.
Ambrosius refuses the request of Empress Justina for a church in Milan, where she can worship according to her Arian belief.
The Gallaeci or Gallic woman Egeria concludes her Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land at about this date; her narrative of it, the Itinerarium Egeriae, may be the earliest surviving formal writing by a woman in western European culture.[12]
385
By placeedit
Roman Empireedit
The Roman synod exiles the prophet Jerome, who has incorporated ideas first propounded by the Roman statesman Cicero. He departs for Egypt, Bethlehem, and Jerusalem, accompanied by the Christian ascetic Paula, who will edit Jerome's translation of the Bible, which becomes the Latin Vulgate.[13]
The Serapeum of Alexandria, one of the largest Greek temples in Egypt, is destroyed by a Christian mob. The precise date is disputed, with 391 sometimes given as the moment of final destruction.[15]
The Greuthungi cross the Danube to raid the Roman garrisons on the northern frontier. They are met midstream by a well-armed fleet, and their rafts and dugouts sink. Those not drowned are slaughtered.
Spring – Emperor Theodosius I increases the taxes in Antioch. A peasant uprising leads to a riot, and public buildings are set afire. Theodosius sends imperial troops to quell the disturbance, and closes the public baths and theatres.
^Omissi, Adrastos (2018). Emperors and Usurpers in the Later Roman Empire: Civil War, Panegyric, and the Construction of Legitimacy. Oxford University Press. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-19-882482-4.
^Mierow, Charles Christopher (1916). The gothic history of Jordanes in English version with an introduction and a commentary (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Evolution Publishing (published 2006). pp. 91–92.
^Donini, Guido, and, Ford, Gordon B. (1970). Isidore of Seville's History of the Goths, Vandals. Leiden: Brill. pp. 7–8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Heather, Peter (2010). Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-19-973560-0.
^Socrates Scholasticus. The Ecclesiastical History: Book 5, Chapter 8.
^Mac Annaidh, S, ed. (2001). Illustrated Dictionary of Irish History. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan.
^David L. Vagi (2001). Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. Chicago, Ill: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 590. ISBN 1-57958-316-4.
^Harbus, A. (2002). Helena of Britain in medieval legend. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: D.S. Brewer. p. 55. ISBN 0-85991-625-1.
^Peterson, Barbara (2000). Notable women of China: Shang dynasty to the early twentieth century. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe. p. 148. ISBN 0-7656-0504-X.
^Percy Molesworth Sykes (2003). A History of Persia. London: Routledge/Curzon. p. 427. ISBN 0-415-32678-8.
^ abc"List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
^Ford, Marcia (2006). Traditions of the Ancients. Broadman Holman Publishers. ISBN 9780805440768.
^Cain, Andrew (2009). The Letters of Jerome: Asceticism, Biblical Exegesis, and the Construction of Christian Authority in Late Antiquity. Oxford, New York: OUP Oxford. pp. 124–128. ISBN 9780191568411.
^Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Hae, Yi (2014). Korean History in Maps. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9781107098466.
^Driver, Ruth Elizabeth (December 2014). Temple conversion and cultural, ritual and topographic memory in Alexandria, Cyrene and Carthage (Master of Philosophy thesis). University of Birmingham.
^Banev, Krastu (2015). Theophilus of Alexandria and the First Origenist Controversy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198727545.
^Eichbauer, Melodie H.; Summerlin, Danica (2018). The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000–1234. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 143. doi:10.1163/9789004387249_002. ISBN 9789004387249. S2CID 239912125.
^ abCoulton, George Gordon (1949) [1938]. Medieval Panorama: The English Scene from Conquest to Reformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 470.
^Scanlon, Thomas Francis (2002). Eros and Greek Athletics. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 60. ISBN 9780195149852.
^Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 60–65. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.
^Gagarin, Michael. The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Greece and Rome. - Vol. 1 - 7. Russia, Oxford University Press, 2010. xcv.
^"Avitus, Western Roman Emperor: Marcus Maecilius Flavius Eparchius Avitus". Genealogy. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
^Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009). Historical Dictionary of Medieval China. Lanham, MA, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 367. ISBN 9780810860537.
^ abXiong, Victor Cunrui (2009). Historical Dictionary of Medieval China. Lanham, MA, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 369. ISBN 9780810860537.
^"Roman Emperors - DIR Theodosius I". roman-emperors.sites.luc.edu. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
^"St. Patrick the Bishop of Armagh and Enlightener of Ireland". The Orthodox Church in America. 17 March 2013. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
^Norkus, Zenonas (2018). An Unproclaimed Empire: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania: From the Viewpoint of Comparative Historical Sociology of Empires. London and New York: Routledge. p. 22. ISBN 9781351669054.
^Urbanization in Early and Medieval China: Gazetteers for the City of Suzhou. University of Washington Press. 1 August 2015. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-295-80610-5.
^Rose, Hugh James (1853). A New General Biographical Dictionary. p. 90.
^Saheed A. Adejumobi (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0.
^Rieger, Joerg; Kwok Pui-lan; Compier, Don H. (2007). Empire and the Christian Tradition: New Readings of Classical Theologians. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-8006-6215-8.
^Charles A. Coulombe (2003). Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes. New York: Citadel Press. p. 74. ISBN 0-8065-2370-0.
^Jinsheng, Zheng; Kirk, Nalini; Buell, Paul D.; Unschuld, Paul U. (2018). Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary - Volume 3: Persons and Literary Sources. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. p. 135. ISBN 9780520965560.
^Gregory, Timothy E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. p. 106. ISBN 9781405184717.
^Pratt, Keith; Rutt, Richard (2013) [1999]. Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. London & New York: Routledge. p. 331. ISBN 9781136793936.
^Fang, Litian (2019). Chinese Buddhism and Traditional Culture. London and New York: Routledge. p. 31. ISBN 9781317519096.
^Zürcher, Erik (2007). The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China (3rd ed.). Leiden: BRILL. p. 86. ISBN 9789004156043.
^"Saint Donatien". nominis.cef.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-12-14.