World War II edit

The squadron was first organized as the 738th Bombardment Squadron at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico on 1 June 1943 as one of the four squadrons of the 454th Bombardment Group. It trained with Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers. After completing training, it left for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations on 8 December 1943.^[1][2]

The squadron arrived in Italy, settling in at its combat station, San Giovanni Airfield, by the end of January 1944. Its primary focus was on long range bombing missions against industrial targets such as enemy oil refineries and munitions and aircraft factories. It struck transportation targets including harbors and airfields in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Greece and Romania The squadron received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for a raid on an airfield at Bad Vöslau, Austria on 12 April 1944. The squadron earned a second DUC during an attack on a steel plant at Linz, Austria, as the 454th Group led its wing through determined opposition.^[2]

The squadron also flew air support and air interdiction missions against marshalling yards, troop concentrations and rail lines for Operation Strangle, the effort to choke off enemy supply lines in Italy. The squadron participated in the drive to Rome; Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France; and Operation Grapeshot, the Spring 1945 offensive in Northern Italy.^[2]

The squadron left Italy in July 1945 and reformed at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota the following month. It was redesignated as a very heavy bombardment squadron in anticipation of training and redeployment to the Pacific, but with the Japanese surrender, it was inactivated in October.^[1]

Air Force reserve edit

The squadron was reactivated in August 1947 at McChord Field, Washington as a reserve unit.^[1] It trained under the supervision of Air Defense Command's 406th AAF Base Unit (later 2345th Air Force Reserve Training Center).^[3] The squadron was nominally a heavy bomber unit, but it is not clear whether it had any combat aircraft assigned. In 1948 Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.^[4]

President Truman's reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force,^[5] At the same time, the May 1949 Air Force Reserve program called for a new type of unit, the Corollary unit, which was a reserve unit integrated with an active duty unit. The plan was viewed as the best method to train reservists by mixing them with an existing regular unit to perform duties alongside the regular unit.^[6] As a result, the 454th Group and its 736th Squadron moved to Spokane Air Force Base, Washington^[2][7] to become corollary units of the 92d Bombardment Wing, while the 738th was inactivated and its personnel were absorbed by units of the 302d Troop Carrier Wing at McChord.^[1][8]

The reserve mobilization for the Korean War had left the reserve without aircraft, and the reserves did not receive aircraft again until July 1952.^[9] In preparing for the receipt of aircraft, in June 1952, ConAC activated the 454th Troop Carrier Wing at Portland International Airport, Oregon to replace the 922d Reserve Training Wing, the non-flying headquarters for reserve units there. The squadron was redesignated the 738th Troop Carrier Squadron and activated with the 454th Wing. It began training with Curtiss C-46 Commando transports.^[10] However, on 1 January 1953, the 403d Troop Carrier Wing, a reserve unit that had served with Far East Air Forces in Japan and Korea, was relieved from active duty and replaced the 454th Wing at Portland. As a result, the 738th inactivated and transferred it personnel and equipment to the 65th Troop Carrier Squadron, which was activated in its place.^{[1][11][12][13]}

Expeditionary airlift edit

The squadron was converted to provisional status and redesignated 738th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron. It was originally assigned to Air Mobility Command to activate or inactivate as needed,^[14] but in 2003, it was transferred to Air Combat Command.^[15] It was activated as a Lockheed C-130 Hercules airlift squadron as part of the Global War on Terrorism and it made up of multiple detachments from airlift squadrons which constantly rotate.^{[citation needed]}

• Constituted as the 738th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 14 May 1943

Activated on 1 June 1943

Redesignated 738th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy c. 1944

Redesignated 738th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 5 August 1945

Inactivated on 17 October 1945

• Activated in the reserve on 16 August 1947

Inactivated on 27 June 1949

• Redesignated 738th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 26 May 1952

Activated in the reserve on 13 June 1952

Inactivated on 1 January 1953^[16]

• Redesignated: 738th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron and converted to provisional status on 12 June 2002^[14]

Assignments edit

• 454th Bombardment Group, 1 June 1943 – 17 October 1945
• 454th Bombardment Group, 16 August 1947 – 27 June 1949
• 454th Troop Carrier Group, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953^[16]
• Air Mobility Command to activate or inactivate as needed, 12 June 2002^[14]
• Air Combat Command to activate or inactivate as needed, 19 March 2003^[15]

Stations edit

• Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 June 1943
• Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, 1 July 1943
• McCook Army Air Field, Nebraska, 30 July 1943
• Charleston Army Air Field, South Carolina, 3 October–8 December 1943
• San Giovanni Airfield, Italy 21 January 1944 – July 1945
• Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, 1 August 1945
• Pyote Army Air Field, Texas, 17 August – 17 October 1945
• McChord Field (later McChord Air Force Base), Washington, 16 August 1947 – 27 June 1949
• Portland International Airport, Oregon, 13 June 1952 – 1 January 1953^[16]
• Undetermined location(s)

Aircraft edit

• Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943-1945^[1]
• Curtiss C-46 Commando, 1952-1953^[10]
• Lockheed C-130 Hercules After 2002

Awards and campaigns edit

Notes edit

Explanatory notes

Citations

Bibliography edit

  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Cantwell, Gerald T. (1997). Citizen Airmen: a History of the Air Force Reserve, 1946-1994. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16049-269-6. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
• Knaack, Marcelle Size (1978). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Post-World War II Bombers 1945-1973. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-59-5.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Retrieved 17 December 2016.