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850s

Summary

The 850s decade ran from January 1, 850, to December 31, 859.

Events

850

By place edit

Europe edit
Britain edit
Japan edit
India edit
  • It is hypothesized that sometime around 850 a group of Buddhist pilgrims travelling through a valley near Roopkund (modern India) were killed when caught out in the open in a sudden hailstorm. Their remains were discovered in 1942.
Mesoamerica edit
  • Uxmal becomes the capital of a large state in the Puuk hills region of northern Yucatán (modern Mexico). The city is connected by causeways (sakbe) to other important Puuk sites, such as K'abah, Sayil, and Labna (approximate date).

By topic edit

Food and Drink edit
Religion edit

851

By place edit

Asia edit
Britain edit
China edit
  • Suleiman al-Tajir, Muslim merchant and traveller, visits China during the Tang Dynasty. He observes the manufacturing of Chinese porcelain at Guangzhou, and writes of his admiration for its transparent quality. Suleiman also describes the mosque at Guangzhou, its granaries, its local government administration, some of its written records, and the treatment of travellers, along with the use of ceramics, rice wine, and tea (approximate date).
Europe edit

By topic edit

Religion edit

852

By place edit

Europe edit
Britain edit
  • A Viking fleet of 350 vessels enters the Thames Estuary before turning north, and engages the Mercian forces under King Beorhtwulf. The Mercians are defeated, and retreat to their settlements. The Vikings then turn south and cross the river somewhere in Surrey; there they are slaughtered by a West Saxon army, led by King Æthelwulf and his son Aethelbald, at Oak Field (Aclea).[8]
  • King Æthelstan, the eldest son of Æthelwulf, is killed by a Viking raiding party. He is succeeded by his brother Æthelberht, who becomes sub-king of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Sussex (approximate date).
  • Beorhtwulf dies after a 12-year reign, and is succeeded by his son Burgred as king of Mercia.
Al-Andalus edit

By topic edit

Aviation edit
  • According to a 17th century account, the Andalusian inventor Abbas ibn Firnas makes a tower jump in Córdoba. He wraps himself with vulture feathers and attaches two wings to his arms. The alleged attempt to fly is not recorded in earlier sources and is ultimately unsuccessful, but the garment slows his fall enough that he only sustains minor injuries.
Religion edit

853

By place edit

Byzantine Empire edit
Europe edit
Britain edit
China edit

By topic edit

Religion edit

854

By place edit

Europe edit
Britain edit

By topic edit

Religion edit

855

By place edit

Byzantine Empire edit
Central Europe edit
Britain edit
Abbasid Caliphate edit

By topic edit

Religion edit

856

By place edit

Byzantine Empire edit
Europe edit
Britain edit

By topic edit

Geology edit

857

By place edit

Byzantine Empire edit
Europe edit

By topic edit

Medicine edit

858

By place edit

Europe edit
Britain edit
Asia edit

By topic edit

Religion edit

859

By place edit

Europe edit
Iberian Peninsula edit
Africa edit
China edit
Syria edit

Significant people edit

Births

850

851

852

853

854

855

856

857

858

859

Deaths

850

851

852

853

854

855

856

857

858

 
Emperor Montoku

859

References edit

  1. ^ Roberts, Wilmer Lynn (1963). Roman and Frankish Government in the Low Countries, 57 B.C. - 925 A.D. University of California. p. 247.
  2. ^ Laurent 1919, pp. 117–118, 122.
  3. ^ Ter-Ghewondyan 1976, pp. 42–43.
  4. ^ Paul Hill (2009): The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 14. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  5. ^ Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992.
  6. ^ Annales Bertiniani.
  7. ^ Higounet, 39 n57.
  8. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 14. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5
  9. ^ Bury 1912, pp. 292–293.
  10. ^ Goldberg 2006, p. 242.
  11. ^ Chronique de Saint-Maixent, p. 59. "Gaubert, comte du Maine tomba dans une embuscade des Nantais et fut tué".
  12. ^ a b Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 15. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  13. ^ Norsemen in the Low Countries: Extracts from the Annales Bertiniani, 855 entry Archived June 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Zeit.de: Das Alter der Städte
  15. ^ "Boris I". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2021-11-13.
  16. ^ Fine, John van Antwerp (13 November 2021). The Early Medieval Balkans, page 112. The University of Michigan Press, 1983. ISBN 978-0472081493.
  17. ^ Deliso, Christopher (13 November 2021). The History of Croatia and Slovenia, page 46. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2020, Santa Barbara, California. ISBN 9781440873232.
  18. ^ ASC 854 - English translation at Project Gutenberg
  19. ^ Kirby, The Earliest English Kings, p. 161.
  20. ^ Milford Haven Town Council website History, Chronology of Events Archived March 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ Abels 1998, p. 72.
  22. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 17. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5
  23. ^ Ter-Ghewondyan 1976, pp. 83–86.
  24. ^ Stevenson 1904, p. 186.
  25. ^ a b Treadgold 1997, pp. 450–451.
  26. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 18. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
  27. ^ Keynes 1998, p. 7; Abels 2002, p. 89.
  28. ^ Charles the Bald - NNDB.com - English translation Charles the Bald [1]
  29. ^ Varley, p. 166.
  30. ^ Bowman, p. 105.
  31. ^ Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Carolingian Portraits: A Study in the Ninth Century, U. Mich. Press, 1989, p. 216.
  32. ^ Haywood, John (1995). The Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 58–59. Penguin Books: ISBN 0-14-051328-0
  33. ^ Martínez Díez 2007, p. 25.
  34. ^ Yanko-Hombach, Valentina (2006). The Black Sea Flood Question. Springer. p. 638. ISBN 1402047746.
  35. ^ Rucquoi, Adeline (1993). Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique. Paris: Seuil. p. 85. ISBN 2-02-012935-3.
  36. ^ Antonopoulos, J. (1980). "Data from investigation of seismic Sea waves events in the Eastern Mediterranean from 500 to 1000 A.D.". Annals of Geophysics. 33 (1). doi:10.4401/ag-4701.
  37. ^ Ambraseys, N. (2009). Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 (First ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 243–244. ISBN 978-1-316-34785-0.
  38. ^ Madelung, W. (2004). "al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XII: Supplement. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 334–335. ISBN 978-90-04-13974-9.
  39. ^ Sousa, António Caetano de (1744). Agiologio Lusitano dos santos, e varoens illustres em virtude do Reino de Portugal, e suas Conquistas [Lusitanian Hagiology, of the saints and men illustrious in their virtue from the Kingdom of Portugal] (in Portuguese). Vol.  Volume IV. Lisbon: Regia Officina Sylviana, e da Academia Real. pp. 199–201.
  40. ^ "Benedict III | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

Sources edit

  • Abels, Richard (1998). Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England. Harlow, UK: Longman. ISBN 0-582-04047-7.
  • Abels, Richard (2002). Morillo, Stephen (ed.). "Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex". The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History. 12. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer: 83–97. doi:10.1017/upo9781846150852.006. ISBN 1-84383-008-6.
  • Bury, John Bagnell (1912). A History of the Eastern Roman Empire from the Fall of Irene to the Accession of Basil I (A.D. 802–867). London: Macmillan.
  • Goldberg, Eric J. (2006). Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817–876. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801438905.
  • Keynes, Simon (1998). "King Alfred and the Mercians". In Blackburn, Mark A. S.; Dumville, David N. (eds.). Kings, Currency and Alliances: History and Coinage of Southern England in the Ninth Century. Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. pp. 1–45. ISBN 0-85115-598-7.
  • Laurent, Joseph L. (1919). L'Arménie entre Byzance et l'Islam: depuis la conquête arabe jusqu'en 886 (in French). Paris: De Boccard.
  • Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007). Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus (in Spanish). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia. ISBN 978-84-96467-47-7.
  • Stevenson, William Henry (1904). Asser's Life of King Alfred. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. OCLC 1354216.
  • Ter-Ghewondyan, Aram (1976) [1965]. The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia. Translated by Nina G. Garsoïan. Lisbon: Livraria Bertrand. OCLC 490638192.
  • Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.

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