AN/SPS-40 Knowpia

AN/SPS-40
	AN/SPS-40 on USS Trenton
Country of origin	United States
Manufacturer	Lockheed Electronics Company
Introduced	1961
Type	2D Air-search
Frequency	400 - 450 MHz, UHF band
RPM	7.5 rpm (long-range mode);; 15 rpm (low flier detection mode);
Range	250 nmi
Diameter	140" x 214"
Azimuth	0-360°
Elevation	Vertical beam width 19°
Precision	Horiz. beam width 10.5°
Power	200 kW - 300 kW

The AN/SPS-40 is a United States Navy two-dimensional, long range air search radar that is capable of providing contact bearing and range. It was replaced by the AN/SPS-49 on newer ships and on ships that received the New Threat Upgrade.

The SPS-40, being a vacuum tube design, was notoriously sensitive to the vibration from shipboard gunfire. A later redesign into a largely solid-state system not only improved its performance (cutting the number of cabinets by more than half) also featured one of the best MTI (Moving Target Indicator) units in the fleet - a rarity in the early 1970s.

History edit

The forerunner of the AN/SPS-40, the AN/SPS-31 (XN-1), was developed starting June 1956 by STAVID Engineering.^[a] This radar system was determined to be too large for use in the FRAM program for WWII-era destroyers undergoing modernization. The SPS-40, which used numerous off-the-shelf parts, was proposed as an alternate by BUSHIPS as a suitable radar design for the FRAM program. The CNO directed procurement, in advance of service approval, on 10 March 1959 to meet the schedule for the FRAM program and provide the radar frequency diversity required by OPNAV.^[4]

Development and production were conducted simultaneously. A separate Technical Evaluation, normally conducted in the contractor's plant, was not performed due to the compressed development schedule. Instead, BUSHIPS requested CNO approval for a concurrent Technical and Operational Evaluation. The equipment was installed in the USS Richard E. Kraus in August 1961, and the evaluation was conducted by COMOPTEVFOR between September and November, 1961. After some deficiencies were corrected, the SPS-40 was accepted for service use in May 1962.^[4]

An improved version, AN/SPS-40A, was introduced 1968.^[2] Produced by Sperry Corporation, the SPS-40A introduced a broad-band transmitter and some solid-state receiver changes.^[1]

The AN/SPS-40B radar set was developed as part of the DART program to improve reliability compared to earlier versions of the SPS-40. It was installed on the Spruance-class destroyers, as well as the Virginia-class cruisers and the Tarawa-class amphibious assault ship. The SPS-40 and SPS-40A were also upgraded to SPS-40B standard, creating the SPS-40C (from SPS-40) and SPS-40D (from SPS-40A).^[2] It also incorporated the new AIMS IFF for air control of friendly aircraft, and a Low Flier Detection Mode (LFDM).^[1]

Field change 8 for the SPS-40B/C/D versions introduces a Digital Moving Target Indicator (DMTI), which automatically eliminates unwanted clutter, selecting only objects with some minimal radial velocity as targets. This improves the ability for the SPS-40 to detect targets flying over land and small targets in a strong clutter environment.^[3]

The AN/SPS-40E replaces the tube-type power amplifier found on earlier versions with a solid-state transmitter and an improved cooling system.^[5]^[3]

Variants edit

AN/SPS-40 - Baseline version.
AN/SPS-40A - Upgraded SPS-40, introduced 1968.
AN/SPS-40B - DART program, major reliability improvements, AIMS IFF, and LFDM.
AN/SPS-40C - SPS-40 upgraded to SPS-40B standard
AN/SPS-40D - SPS-40A upgraded to SPS-40B standard
AN/SPS-40E - SSTX upgrade, replaces vacuum tube amplifier with solid state transmitter and adds new built-in test capabilities.

On board ships edit

United States edit

Australia edit

Perth-class destroyer

Germany edit

Lütjens-class destroyer

Gallery edit

AN/SPS-40 antenna on USS Raleigh
Another view of the same antenna on Raleigh

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c Friedman, Norman (1981). Naval radar. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 0-87021-967-7. OCLC 8262709.
^ ^a ^b ^c Natua, Frans; White, Thomas A. (April 1981). Manning of Recently Fielded Systems: Case Study of the DD-963 (Spruance) Class Destroyer (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Logistics Management Institute. pp. 3–24, 4–4. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vaughan, Harvey D.; Amos, Phillip (1992). NAVEDTRA 12969: Shipboard Electronics Material Officer. Naval Education and Training Program, Management Support Activity. pp. 12-19–12-20. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
^ ^a ^b NAVPERS 10495: Logistic Support of the Navy. Bureau of Naval Personnel. 15 September 1965. pp. 59–65. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
^ Villareal, Linda (December 1993). NAVEDTRA 14089: Electronics Technician, Volume 4-Radar Systems. U.S. Navy. p. 2-9. Retrieved 10 February 2023.

Notes edit

^ Later purchased by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

External links edit

GlobalSecurity AN/SPS-40
Electronics Technician Volume 4-Radar Systems - via Tpub

[friedman-naval-radar-1] Friedman, Norman (1981). Naval radar. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 0-87021-967-7. OCLC 8262709.

[spruance-casestudy-2] Natua, Frans; White, Thomas A. (April 1981). Manning of Recently Fielded Systems: Case Study of the DD-963 (Spruance) Class Destroyer (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Logistics Management Institute. pp. 3–24, 4–4. Retrieved 10 February 2023.

[navedtra-12969-3] Vaughan, Harvey D.; Amos, Phillip (1992). NAVEDTRA 12969: Shipboard Electronics Material Officer. Naval Education and Training Program, Management Support Activity. pp. 12-19–12-20. Retrieved 10 February 2023.

[logistic-support-of-navy-5] NAVPERS 10495: Logistic Support of the Navy. Bureau of Naval Personnel. 15 September 1965. pp. 59–65. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

[6] Villareal, Linda (December 1993). NAVEDTRA 14089: Electronics Technician, Volume 4-Radar Systems. U.S. Navy. p. 2-9. Retrieved 10 February 2023.

[4] Later purchased by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

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Summary

History edit

Variants edit