BREAKING NEWS
Cloud Server Hosting For Online Businesses
Inexpensive SEO Services
Benefits of Wanting to play Free Online Slot machines
APG IV system

Summary

The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998.[1] In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately;[2] the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one.[1]

Evolution of angiosperms shown in diagram format, per APG IV

Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families.[1] In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies, but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed.[3]

Short version edit

Detailed version edit

Key to symbols used:

* = the family has been added or its circumscription changed since the APG III system of 2009
† = the order has been added since the APG III system

Basal angiosperms edit

Magnoliids edit

Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade edit

Monocots edit

Probable sister of eudicots edit

Eudicots edit

Core eudicots edit

Superrosids edit

Rosids edit

Fabids edit

COM clade; placement uncertain edit
Malvids edit

Superasterids edit

Asterids edit

Lamiids edit
Campanulids edit

Phylogeny edit

Like the earlier APG systems, the APG IV revision is based on a phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms, as shown below.[4]

angiosperms

core eudicots

References edit

  1. ^ a b c APG IV (2016)
  2. ^ Haston et al. (2009)
  3. ^ APG IV (2016), p. 5
  4. ^ Cole, Hilger & Stevens (2019)

Bibliography edit

  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x, hdl:10654/18083
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
  • Haston, E.; Richardson, J.E.; Stevens, P.F.; Chase, M.W. & Harris, D.J. (2009), "The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 128–131, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x
  • Fay, Michael (9 May 2016), "APG - classification by consensus", Kew Science, RBG Kew, archived from the original on 2016-08-05, retrieved 2016-06-12
  • Cole, Theodor C.H.; Hilger, Hartmut H. & Stevens, Peter F. (2019), Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics (PDF), retrieved 2023-06-16

By using this platform, you agree to the Terms of Use ©2020 Knowpia