Summary
Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA) are negotiated on a bilateral basis between the United States and its NATO allies or coalition partners that allow US forces to exchange most common types of support, including food, fuel, transportation, ammunition, and equipment. The agreement does not, in any way commit a country to any military action. ACSAs also exist between third-party countries. Both Japan and South Korea have formed ACSAs with countries other than the US.[1]
As of February 2020, the US had ACSAs with 120 countries,[2] with several additional countries that are eligible for ACSAs,[3] including most NATO nations, as well as the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA), NATO Allied Command Transformation, and Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE). ACSAs diminish logistics burdens and are considered vital logistics enablers by providing on site commanders increased interoperability, enhanced operational readiness and cost effective joint support. The ACSA accomplishes this by establishing a mechanism to provide logistical supplies between two parties in exchange for reimbursement either in cash, replacement in kind, or equal value exchange.
History edit
The Acquisition and Cross Servicing Agreement (ACSA) statute (formerly known as "NATO Mutual Support Act") was enacted to simplify exchanges of logistic support, supplies, and services between the United States and other NATO forces. It was subsequently amended in 1987,[4] to permit ACSAs with the governments of eligible non-NATO countries, with further amendments in 1989 and 1990. It also requires equal-value exchanges (EVEs) of logistic support, supplies, and services and allows ACSAs with United Nations organizations and to authorize the loan or lease of equipment. Annual reports are required listing all ACSA transactions in the previous fiscal year and projecting requirements for the next fiscal year.
The ACSA authorities provide the combatant commanders and the Service component or sub-unified commands the means to acquire and provide mutual logistic support during training and expulsion, exercises and military operations, or to permit expedited access to the logistics assets of foreign country armed forces to satisfy the logistics support requirements of deployed US Armed Forces.
Japan (ACSA) edit
Japan have a signed the acquisition and cross-servicing agreement (ACSA) with 7 countries up to 29 January 2024 which are Australia, Canada, Germany, France, India, United Kingdom and the United states.[5]
References edit
- ^ Eric Heginbotham and Richard J Samuels, MIT (20 September 2018). "Defence Challenges: An agenda for Japanese military reform". East Asia Forum. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
- ^ "Defense Logistics Agreements: DOD Should Improve Oversight and Seek Payment from Foreign Partners for Thousands of Orders It Identifies as Overdue". U.S. Government Accountability Office. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- ^ Joint Chiefs of Staff. "Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA) Country List". Defense Acquisition University. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ^ "[USC02] 10 USC Ch. 138: COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH NATO ALLIES AND OTHER COUNTRIES". uscode.house.gov. Retrieved 2019-09-05.
- ^ https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/01/29/japan/japan-germany-military-supply-pact/
ACSA Agreement Countries effective 2014 Archived 2019-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
External links edit
- Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA)
- Chapter 138 U.S.C Title 10 - Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreements
- Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment
- DoDFMR 7000.14-R Volume 11A, Chapter 8 - International Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreements
- U.S. Government Accountability Office: DOD Should Improve Oversight and Seek Payment from Foreign Partners for Thousands of Orders it Identifies as Overdue