Summary
Each species of slime mold has its own specific chemical messenger, which are collectively referred to as acrasins.[1] These chemicals signal that many individual cells aggregate to form a single large cell or plasmodium.[1] One of the earliest acrasins to be identified was cyclic AMP, found in the species Dictyostelium discoideum by Brian Shaffer,[2] which exhibits a complex swirling-pulsating spiral pattern when forming a pseudoplasmodium.[3]
The term acrasin was descriptively named after Acrasia from Edmund Spenser's Faerie Queene,[4] who seduced men against their will and then transformed them into beasts. Acrasia is itself a play on the Greek akrasia that describes loss of free will.
Extraction edit
Brian Shaffer was the first to purify acrasin, now known to be cyclic AMP, in 1954, using methanol.[2] Glorin, the acrasin of P. violaceum, can be purified by inhibiting the acrasin-degrading enzyme acrasinase with alcohol, extracting with alcohol and separating with column chromatography.[3][4]
Notes edit
- ^ Evidence for the formation of cell aggregates by chemotaxis in the development of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum - J.T.Bonner and L.J.Savage Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 106, pp. 1, October (1947) Cell Biology
- ^ Aggregation in cellular slime moulds: in vitro isolation of acrasin - B.M.Shaffer Nature Vol. 79, pp. 975, (1953) Cell Biology
- ^ Identification of a pterin as the acrasin of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium lacteum - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States Vol. 79, pp. 6270–6274, October (1982) Cell Biology
- ^ Hunting Slime Moulds - Adele Conover, Smithsonian Magazine Online (2001)
References edit
- ^ King, Robert C. (2013). A dictionary of genetics. Mulligan, Pamela Khipple, 1953-, Stansfield, William D., 1930- (8th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937686-5. OCLC 871046520.
- ^ Shaffer, B. M. (1956-06-29). "Properties of acrasin". Science. 123 (3209): 1172–1173. Bibcode:1956Sci...123.1172S. doi:10.1126/science.123.3209.1172. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 13337336.
- ^ Heftmann, Erich; Wright, Barbara E.; Liddel, Gerald U. (December 1959). "Identification of a Sterol with Acrasin Activity in a Slime Mold". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 81 (24): 6525–6526. doi:10.1021/ja01533a054. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ^ Shimomura, O.; Suthers, H. L.; Bonner, J. T. (1982-12-01). "Chemical identity of the acrasin of the cellular slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 79 (23): 7376–7379. Bibcode:1982PNAS...79.7376S. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.23.7376. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 347342. PMID 6961416.