Actinodaphne

Summary

Actinodaphne is an Asian genus of flowering plants in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It contains approximately 125 species[1] of dioecious evergreen trees and shrubs.[2]

Actinodaphne
Actinodaphne malaccensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Actinodaphne
Nees
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Actinomorphe Kuntze

Actinodaphne lancifolia

Species range across tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, southern China, Japan, New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands, and Fiji.[1] There are 17 Chinese species, 13 of which are endemic.[2]

Description edit

The trees are 3 to 25 m tall, with leaves usually clustered or nearly verticillate, rarely alternate or opposite, unlobed, pinninerved, and rarely triplinerved. The flowers are star-shaped, small, and greenish. The flowers are clustered or whorled and are unisexual.[2] Umbels are solitary or clustered or arranged in a panicle or raceme; involucral bracts are imbricated and caducous. The perianth tube is short; perianth segments usually number six in two whorls of three each, nearly equal, and rarely persistent. The male flowers have fertile stamens usually 9 in three whorls of three each; filaments of the first and second whorls are eglandular, and of the third whorl are biglandular at the base; anthers are all introrse and four-celled; cells opening by lids; the rudimentary pistil is small or lacking. The female flowers has staminodes as many as stamens of male flowers; the ovary is superior; the stigma is shield-shaped or dilated. The fruit is a berry-like drupe seated on shallow or deep, cup-shaped or discoid, perianth tube. It has a small single seed dispersed mostly by birds.

Ecology edit

Actinodaphne species require continuously moist soil, and do not tolerate drought and frost.[citation needed] The laurel trees fall within the broad-leaved forests; mid-montane deciduous forests; and high-montane mixed stunted forests. Some species grow in high-elevation forests at 1,500–3,300 m (4,900–10,800 ft).

Species edit

125 species of Actinodaphne are accepted. They include:[1]

  • Actinodaphne acuminata (Blume) Meisn. – central and southern Japan, Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan
  • Actinodaphne albifrons Kosterm. – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne amabilis Kosterm. – Thailand
  • Actinodaphne ambigua Hook.f. – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne andamanica M.Gangop. – Andaman Islands
  • Actinodaphne angustifolia (Blume) Nees – Nepal to Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi
  • Actinodaphne apoensis (Elmer) Kosterm. ex Brambach & Pelser – Philippines (Mindanao).
  • Actinodaphne archboldiana C.K.Allen – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne areolata Blume – Java
  • Actinodaphne bicolor (Merr.) Merr. – Philippines
  • Actinodaphne borneensis Meisn. – Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo
  • Actinodaphne bourdillonii Gamble – southern India
  • Actinodaphne bourneae Gamble – southern India
  • Actinodaphne brassii C.K.Allen – Solomon Islands
  • Actinodaphne caesia Teschner – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne campanulata Hook.f. – southern India
  • Actinodaphne candolleana (Thwaites) Meisn. – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne celebica Miq. – Sulawesi
  • Actinodaphne cinerea Elmer – Philippines (Palawan)
  • Actinodaphne concinna Ridl. – Peninsular Malaysia
  • Actinodaphne concolor Nees – Myanmar
  • Actinodaphne corymbosa Blume – Sumatra
  • Actinodaphne crassa Hand.-Mazz. – China (Hunan)
  • Actinodaphne cupularis (Hemsl.) Gamble – southern China to Thailand
  • Actinodaphne diversifolia Merr. – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne dolichophylla (Merr.) Merr. – southern Philippines
  • Actinodaphne elegans Thwaites – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne ellipticbacca Kosterm. – northern Vietnam
  • Actinodaphne engleriana Teschner – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne ferruginea H.Liu – southern Vietnam
  • Actinodaphne forrestii (C.K.Allen) Kosterm. – southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou) and Vietnam
  • Actinodaphne fragilis Gamble – Peninsular Malaysia
  • Actinodaphne fuliginosa Airy Shaw – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne furfuracea Blume – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne glabra Blume – Borneo and Java
  • Actinodaphne glauca Nees – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne glaucina C.K.Allen – Hainan
  • Actinodaphne glomerata (Blume) Nees – Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands, and Sulawesi
  • Actinodaphne gracilis Miq. – Sumatra
  • Actinodaphne henryi Gamble – China (southern Yunnan) to northern Indochina
  • Actinodaphne hirsuta Blume – Java
  • Actinodaphne hypoleucophylla Hayata – southern China and central Taiwan
  • Actinodaphne intermedia (Elmer) Kosterm. ex Brambach & Pelser – Philippines
  • Actinodaphne javanica Miq. – Java
  • Actinodaphne johorensis Gamble – Peninsular Malaysia
  • Actinodaphne junghuhnii Stur – Sumatra
  • Actinodaphne kinabaluensis Kosterm. – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne koshepangii Chun ex Hung T.Chang – China (northwestern Guangdong and western Hunan)
  • Actinodaphne kostermansii S.Julia – Borneo (Sabah and Brunei)
  • Actinodaphne kweichowensis Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang – China (southwest Guangxi and southwest Guizhou)
  • Actinodaphne lambirensis Tagane, Yahara & N.Okabe – Borneo (Sarawak)
  • Actinodaphne lanata Meisn. – southern India
  • Actinodaphne lanceolata Dalzell & A.Gibson – western India
  • Actinodaphne latifolia Teschner – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne lawsonii Gamble – southern India
  • Actinodaphne lecomtei C.K.Allen – China (Sichuan, Guizhou, and northern Guangdong)
  • Actinodaphne ledermannii Teschner – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne leiophylla (Kurz) Hook.f. – southern Myanmar
  • Actinodaphne longipes Kosterm. – Nepal to eastern India, Vietnam
  • Actinodaphne macgregorii (Merr.) Kosterm. – Philippines and Solomon Islands
  • Actinodaphne macrophylla (Blume) Nees – Peninsular Malaysia, Java, and Queensland
  • Actinodaphne macroptera Miq. – Andaman Islands and Sumatra
  • Actinodaphne madraspatana Bedd. ex Hook.f. – southern India
  • Actinodaphne malaccensis Hook.f. – Peninsular Malaysia
  • Actinodaphne mansonii M.Gangop. – Myanmar
  • Actinodaphne menghaiensis J.Li – China (southern Yunnan)
  • Actinodaphne molochina Nees – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne moluccana Blume – Maluku
  • Actinodaphne montana Gamble – Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia
  • Actinodaphne moonii Thwaites – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne multiflora Benth. – Solomon Islands
  • Actinodaphne mushanensis (Hayata) Hayata – Taiwan
  • Actinodaphne myriantha Merr. – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne nicobarica M.Gangop. – Nicobar Islands
  • Actinodaphne nitida Teschner – New Guinea and Solomon Islands
  • Actinodaphne notabilis Doweld – Peninsular Malaysia
  • Actinodaphne novoguineensis Teschner – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne obovata (Nees) Blume – central Himalayas to China (southern and southeastern Yunnan)
  • Actinodaphne obscurinervia Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang – China (eastern Sichuan)
  • Actinodaphne obtusa Teschner – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne oleifolia Gamble – Peninsular Malaysia
  • Actinodaphne omeiensis (H.Liu) C.K.Allen – China (Sichuan, Guizhou) and southwestern Thailand
  • Actinodaphne paotingensis Yen C.Yang & P.H.Huang – Hainan
  • Actinodaphne pauciflora Blume – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne pedunculata (Blume) Meisn. – southeastern China
  • Actinodaphne percoriacea S.Julia – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne perglabra Kosterm. – eastern Thailand
  • Actinodaphne perlucida C.K.Allen – southern Vietnam
  • Actinodaphne pilosa (Lour.) Merr. – China (Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan), Laos, and Vietnam
  • Actinodaphne pisifera Hook.f. – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne procera Nees – Java and Nicobar Islands
  • Actinodaphne pruinosa Nees – Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo
  • Actinodaphne pubescens Blume – Java
  • Actinodaphne pulchra Teschner – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne quercina Blume – Java
  • Actinodaphne ramosii Brambach & Pelser – Philippines
  • Actinodaphne rehderiana (C.K.Allen) Kosterm. ex Dao – northern Vietnam
  • Actinodaphne reticulata Meisn. – Assam
  • Actinodaphne ridleyi Gamble – Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia (Johor)
  • Actinodaphne robusta S.Julia – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne rufescens Blume – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne rumphii Blume – Maluku
  • Actinodaphne salicina Meisn. – southern India
  • Actinodaphne samarensis (Merr.) Merr. – southern Philippines
  • Actinodaphne scleroptera Miq. – Sumatra
  • Actinodaphne semengohensis S.Julia – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook.f. & Thomson ex Meisn. – Myanmar, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Andaman Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo
  • Actinodaphne shendurunii Robi & Udayan – India (Kerala)
  • Actinodaphne sikkimensis Meisn. – Nepal to eastern India, Myanmar, and Thailand
  • Actinodaphne soepadmoi S.Julia – Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo
  • Actinodaphne solomonensis C.K.Allen – Solomon Islands
  • Actinodaphne spathulifolia S.Julia – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne speciosa Nees – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne stenophylla Thwaites – Sri Lanka
  • Actinodaphne sulcata S.Julia – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne superba Boerl. – Borneo and Sulawesi
  • Actinodaphne tadulingamii Gamble – western and southern India
  • Actinodaphne tayabensis (Elmer) Merr. – Philippines
  • Actinodaphne tomentosa Teschner – New Guinea
  • Actinodaphne tonkinensis Dao – Vietnam
  • Actinodaphne trichocarpa C.K.Allen – China (Sichuan, northeastern Yunnan, and Guizhou)
  • Actinodaphne tsaii Hu – China (southern and southeastern Yunnan)
  • Actinodaphne venosa S.Julia – Borneo
  • Actinodaphne wightiana (Kuntze) Noltie – Borneo

Formerly placed here edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Actinodaphne Nees. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 11 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Flora of China
  • "Actinodaphne". Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.