Afghanistan competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, sending a total of 31 competitors, which consisted of the men's field hockey and football teams. This is the highest number of athletes that Afghanistan has ever sent to a Summer Olympic Games.

Afghanistan at the 1948 Summer Olympics
IOC code	AFG
NOC	Afghanistan National Olympic Committee
in London
Competitors	31 in 2 sports
Medals	Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0
Summer Olympics appearances (overview)
1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024

Afghanistan's football tournament began on 26 July at Brighton's Goldstone Ground with a preliminary round match against Luxembourg, with Afghanistan losing 0–6. This resulted in Afghanistan's failure to qualify to the first round of the tournament.

Out of three group stage matches, Afghanistan's field hockey team won 1 match, drew 1 match and lost 1 match, resulting in placing third of four competing teams, with a sum of 3 points. Afghanistan began their first of three group stage matches on 3 August, which ended in a 2–0 win for the country. However, in their final group match, Afghanistan faced Great Britain, who were playing on home ground, Afghanistan lost by 8 goals, scoring no goals themselves. Afghanistan then finished its second match on 5 August, against Switzerland, which ended as a draw (1 goal to each team). Therefore, Afghanistan did not proceed to the semi-finals, finishing third in Group B.