Aminoacetonitrile

Summary

Aminoacetonitrile is the organic compound with the formula H2N−CH2−C≡N. The compound is a colorless liquid. It is unstable at room temperature, owing to the incompatibility of the amine nucleophile and the nitrile electrophile. For this reason it is usually encountered as the chloride and bisulfate salts of the ammonium derivative, i.e., [NCCH2NH3]+Cl and [NCCH2NH3]+HSO4.[3]

Aminoacetonitrile
Skeletal formula of aminoacetonitrile with an implicit carbon shown
Skeletal formula of aminoacetonitrile with an implicit carbon shown
Stereo, skeletal formula of aminoacetonitrile with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Stereo, skeletal formula of aminoacetonitrile with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of aminoacetonitrile
Ball and stick model of aminoacetonitrile
Spacefill model of aminoacetonitrile
Spacefill model of aminoacetonitrile
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Aminoacetonitrile[1]
Other names
  • Glycinonitrile[1]
  • 2-Aminoacetonitrile
Identifiers
  • 540-61-4 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 10439 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.957 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 208-751-8
MeSH Aminoacetonitrile
  • 10901
RTECS number
  • AL7750000
UNII
  • 3739OQ10IJ checkY
  • DTXSID90202314 Edit this at Wikidata
  • InChI=1S/C2H4N2/c3-1-2-4/h1,3H2 checkY
    Key: DFNYGALUNNFWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • NCC#N
Properties
NH2CH2CN
Molar mass 56.068 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Boiling point 15 °C (59 °F; 288 K) at 15 mm/Hg
Acidity (pKa) 5.34 (conjugate acid; H2O)[2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS08: Health hazard
Warning
H302, H312, H332, H351
P280
Related compounds
Related alkanenitriles
Related compounds
DBNPA
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Production and applications edit

Industrially aminoacetonitrile is produced from glycolonitrile by reaction with ammonia:

HOCH2CN + NH3 → H2NCH2CN + H2O

The aminoacetonitrile can be hydrolysed to give glycine:[4] Being bifunctional, it is useful in the synthesis of diverse nitrogen-containing heterocycles.[3]

Aminoacetonitrile derivatives are useful antihelmintics. They act as nematode specific ACh agonists[5] causing a spastic paralysis and rapid expulsion from the host.

Occurrence in the interstellar medium edit

Using radio astronomy, aminoacetonitrile was discovered in the Large Molecule Heimat, a giant gas cloud near the Galactic Center in the constellation Sagittarius.[6] This discovery is significant to the debate on whether glycine exists widely in the universe.

References edit

  1. ^ a b International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 902−903. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  2. ^ Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–88. ISBN 978-1498754286.
  3. ^ a b Tauber, Johannes; Opatz, Till (2015). "2-Aminoacetonitrile". E-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis: 1–4. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn01752. ISBN 9780470842898.
  4. ^ Pollak, Peter; Romeder, Gérard; Hagedorn, Ferdinand; Gelbke, Heinz-Peter (2002). "Nitriles". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_363. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  5. ^ Kaminsky, R.; Ducray, P.; Jung, M.; Clover, R.; Rufener, L.; Bouvier, J.; Weber, S. S.; Wenger, A.; Wieland-Berghausen, S.; et al. (2008). "A new class of anthelmintics effective against drug-resistant nematodes". Nature. 452 (7184): 176–180. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..176K. doi:10.1038/nature06722. PMID 18337814. S2CID 4428834.
  6. ^ Belloche, A.; Menten, K. M.; Comito, C.; Müller, H. S. P.; Schilke, P.; Ott, J.; Thorwirth, S.; Hieret, C. (2008). "Detection of amino acetonitrile in Sgr B2(N)" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (1): 179–196. arXiv:0801.3219. Bibcode:2008A&A...482..179B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079203. S2CID 21809828.

External links edit