Summary
The Anastasia Formation is a geologic formation deposited in Florida during the Late Pleistocene epoch.
| Anastasia Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Late Pleistocene | |
 Part of the formation on Hutchinson Island | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Coquina, sand, sandy limestone |
| Other | Sandy marl |
| Location | |
| Region | East Florida |
| Country |  United States |
| Extent | St. Johns—Palm Beach County |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Anastasia Island |
| Named by | E. H. Sellards |
| Year defined | 1912 |
 Location of the Anastasia Formation (red) along the east coast of Florida | |
Age edit
Period : Quaternary
Epoch: Pleistocene ~2.558 to 0.012 mya, calculates to a period of 2.576 million years
Faunal stage: Blancan through early Rancholabrean
Location edit
Anastasia Formation underlies the Atlantic Coastal Ridge along the coast from St. John's County southward to Palm Beach County and extends inland as far as 20 miles (32 kilometers) in St. Lucie and Martin County. Blowing Rocks Preserve in southern Martin County is an exposed outcropping along the beach.[1][2][permanent dead link] A second outcropping is seen at Washington Oaks Gardens State Park in northern Flagler County, south of St. Augustine.
History edit
The Anastasia Formation was named by E. H. Sellards in 1912.
Coquina obtained from this formation on Anastasia Island was used to construct Castillo de San Marcos during the late 17th century; a local material, it was relatively easy to quarry and proved to be effective for absorbing cannon damage.[3] This formation is an integral part of the surficial aquifer system.[4][5][6]
Formed through multicyclic deposition the formation contains at least two disconformities, and two detectable ages.[6] The formation registers in the late Pleistocene with oldest samples aging at 110,000 YBP based on radiometric dating (U234/Th230).[7]
Composition edit
The Anastasia Formation is composed of quartz sands and calcite coquina, with sporadic instances of fossil debris.[7] Coloration of the formation varies from a light grey tone to a soft orange-brown. The formation is soft to moderately hard coquina composed of whole and fragmented mollusk shells within sand often cemented by sparry calcite.[4][5] Sands occur as fossil-bearing light gray to tan as well as orange-brown, unconsolidated to moderately indurated.
Fossils consist of both vertebral and invertebral species most of which are still present in the current epoch.[7] Poriferans, bryozoans, mollusks, arthropods, and echinoderms have all been seen and recorded within the formation. Vertebrate taxa include cetacean, testudines, perissodactyla, and selachimorpha. Most fossils are highly fragmented with greatest preservation seen in the Blowing Rocks Preserve in Martin County, and regions north of Palm Beach.[8] Bioturbation is also seen in Palm Beach, Martin and Flagler counties. Large and small fossilized burrows formed by invertebrate species are seen in Palm Beach and Martin Counties whereas Flagler County sees large borings formed and fossilized around trees previously present in the area.[8]
The Formation is seen as a relevant portion of the Biscayne Aquifer.[8] It is also an integral part of the surficial aquifer system in northern portions of Florida.[4][5][6]
References edit
- ^ "The Nature Conservancy in Florida - Blowing Rocks Preserve". web.archive.org. January 5, 2011. Archived from the original on January 5, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/reports/mgs_lovejoy1998/ Archived 2009-05-09 at the Wayback Machine USGS Publications, Classic Exposures of the Anastasia Formation in Martin and Palm Beach Counties, Florida.
- ^ Kenworthy, J. P.; Santucci, V. L. (2006). "A preliminary investigation of National Park Service paleontological resources in cultural resource contexts, Part 1: general overview" (PDF). In Lucas, S. G.; Spielmann, J. A.; Hester, P.M.; Kenworthy, J. P.; Santucci, V. L. (eds.). America's antiquities: 100 years of managing fossils on federal lands. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 34. Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 70–76. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-04. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
- ^ a b c "USGS Publications, Lithostratigraphic Units, Tertiary System, Pleistocene Series". Archived from the original on 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ a b c "Classic Exposures of the Anastasia Formation in Martin and Palm Beach Counties, Florida, Donald W. Lovejoy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ a b c Scott, Thomas M. (1992). "A Geologic Overview of Florida" (PDF). Provided by the State of Florida Department of Natural Resources.
- ^ a b c Portell, Roger W.; Turner, Richard L.; Beerensson, John L. (2003-01-01). "Occurrence of the Atlantic Ghost Crab Ocypode Quadrata from the Upper Pleistocene to Holocene Anastasia Formation of Florida". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 23 (3): 712–722. doi:10.1651/C-2340. ISSN 0278-0372.
- ^ a b c "General Information : Florida Atlantic University - Department of Geosciences". www.geosciences.fau.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-28.