Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology

Summary

Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology is a history of science by Isaac Asimov, written as the biographies of initially 1000 scientists and later with over 1500 entries. Organized chronologically, beginning with Imhotep (entry "[1]") and concluding with Stephen Hawking (entry "[1510]"), each biographical entry is numbered, allowing for easy cross-referencing of one scientist with another. Nearly every biographical sketch contains links to other biographies. For example, the article about John Franklin Enders [1195] has the sentence "Alexander Fleming's [1077] penicillin was available thanks to the work of Howard Florey [1213] and Ernst Boris Chain [1306] . . ." This allows one to quickly refer to the articles about Fleming, Florey, and Chain. It includes scientists in all fields including biologists, chemists, astronomers, physicists, mathematicians, geologist, and explorers. The alphabetical list of biographical entries starts with ABBE, Cleveland [738] and ends with ZWORYKIN, Vladimir Kosma [1134]

Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
First edition cover
AuthorIsaac Asimov
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
GenreNon-fiction, encyclopedia, biographical, reference
PublisherDoubleday
Publication date
1964
Media type1129
Pages662
ISBN0-385-04693-6 (New Revised edition)
OCLC523479

In the Second Revised Edition Isaac Newton receives the greatest coverage, a biography of seven pages. Galileo, Michael Faraday and Albert Einstein tie, with five pages each, and Lavoisier and Charles Darwin get four pages each. Dutch writer Gerrit Krol said about the book, "One of the charms of this encyclopedia is that to each name he adds those with whom this scientist has been in contact." The book has been revised several times, by both Asimov himself, and most recently, by his daughter Robyn Asimov.[citation needed]

Entries edit

Entry Name Field Notes
1 Imhotep Engineering (2650–2600 BC) An Egyptian polymath, he is considered to be the first engineer, architect and physician in history known by name.
2 Ahmose Mathematics Also known as Ahmes, an Egypt scribe of the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt who copied the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.
3 Thales Mathematics (624 – c. 546 BC), One of the Seven Sages of Greece. He is one of the first well-known philosophers and mathematicians.
4 Anaximander Metaphysics (c. 610 – c. 546 BC) A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus,[1] a city of Ionia (in modern-day Turkey). He belonged to the Milesian school
5 Anaximenes Metaphysics (c. 585 – c. 528 BCE) An Ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher.[2][3] One of the three Milesian philosophers
6 Xenophanes Metaphysics (c. 570 – c. 475 BC)[4] was a Greek philosopher, theologian, poet, and social and religious critic.
7 Pythagoras Mathematics (c. 570-c. 495 BC). Best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name.
8 Eupalinos Engineering an ancient Greek engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos Island in the 6th century BC.
9 Hecataeus Historian (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC) An early Greek historian and geographer.
10 Heraclitus Metaphysics (c. 535 – c. 475 BC) pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, and a native of the city of Ephesus,[5] then part of the Persian Empire.
11 Alcmaeon Medicine (c 510 BC) considered by many an early pioneer of anatomical dissection and was said to be the first to identify Eustachian tubes.
12 Hanno Explorer a Carthaginian explorer c. 500 BC, best known for his naval exploration of the African coast.
13 Parmenides Metaphysics late sixth or early fifth century BC pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia (Greater Greece, included Southern Italy). Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy.
14 Anaxagoras Astronomy He produced a correct explanation for eclipses and proposed that the Milky Way might consist of distant stars.[6]
15 Leucippus Chemistry (first half of the 5th century BC) The first Greek to develop the theory of atomism – the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms.
16 Zeno Metaphysics (490?–430? BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher best known for his paradoxes.
17 Empedocles Cosmogenesis (c. 490 – c. 430 BC) Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Acragas (Agrigentum), a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for originating the cosmogenic theory of the four classical elements.
18 Oenopides Astronomy An ancient Greek geometer and astronomer, who lived around 450 BCE.
19 Philolaus Astronomy c. 470 – c. 385 BCE[7]) was a Greek Pythagorean and Presocratic philosopher. He is also credited with originating the theory that the Earth was not the center of the universe.
20 Democritus Chemistry (c. 370 BC) An Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe.[8]
21 Socrates Philosophy 470/469 – 399 BC)[9] was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy.
22 Hippocrates Medicine (c. 460 – c. 370 BC), A Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), sometimes referred to as the "Father of Medicine"[10]
23 Meton Astronomy a Greek mathematician, astronomer, geometer, and engineer who lived in Athens in the 5th century BC. He is best known for calculations involving the eponymous 19-year Metonic cycle which he introduced in 432 BC into the lunisolar Attic calendar.
24 Plato Philosophy (428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition.[11]
25 Archytas Mathematics (428–347 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and strategist. He was a scientist of the Pythagorean school and famous for being the reputed founder of mathematical mechanics, as well as a good friend of Plato.
26 Theaetetus Mathematics
27 Eudoxus
28 Heracleides
29 Aristotle
30 Menaechmus
31 Theophrastus
32 Callippus
33 Dicaearchus
34 Diocles
35 Epicurus
36 Praxagoras Medicine studied Aristotle's (384–322 BC) anatomy and improved it by distinguishing between arteries and veins.
37 Kiddinu
38 Strato
39 Pytheas
40 Euclid
41 Aristarchus
42 Herophilus
43 Erasistratus
44 Conon
45 Philon from Byzantium
46 Ctesibius Physics (285–222 BC) was a Greek inventor who wrote the first treatises on compressed air. Worked on the elasticity of air. The "father of pneumatics."
47 Archimedes
48 Eratosthenes
49 Apollonius
50 Hipparchus
51 Seleucus
52 Poseidonius
53 Lucretius
54 Sosigenes
55 Vitruvius
56 Strabo
57 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius
58 Mela, Pomponius
59 Dioscorides
60 Hero
61 Pliny
62 Frontinus, Sextus Julius
63 Tsai Lun
64 Ptolemy, Claudius
65 Galen
66 Diophantus
67 Zosimus
68 Pappus
69 Hypatia
70 Proclus
71 Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus
72 Isidore of Seville
73 Brahmagupta
74 Callinicus Chemistry (about 620 BC) Also known as Kallinikos. A Byzantine chemist from Heliopolis and the inventor of Greek fire
75 Bede
76 Geber
77 Alcuin
78 Charlemagne
79 Al-Khwarizmi, Muhammed ibn Musa
80 Thabit ibn Qurra
81 Alfred The Great
82 Rhazes
83 Albategnius
84 Gerbert
85 Alhazen
86 Avicenna
87 Omar Khayyam
88 Abelard, Peter
89 Adelard of Bath
90 Gerard of Cremona
91 Averroes
92 Maimonides, Moses
93 Neckam, Alexander
94 Grosseteste, Robert
95 Fibonacci, Leonardo
96 Albertus Magnus
97 Frederick II
98 Michael Scot
99 Bacon, Roger
100 Alfonso X
101 Alderotti, Tadeo Medicine Italian Physician.
102 Aquinas, Saint Thomas
103 Arnold of Villanova
104 Peregrinus, Petrus
105 Polo, Marco
106 d'Abano, Pietro
107 False Geber
108 Buridan, Jean
109 Ockham, William of
110 Mondino de' Luzzi
111 Henry the Navigator
112 Ulugh Beg
113 Toscanelli, Paolo
114 Gutenberg, Johann Engineering (c. 1398–1468). Invented mechanical movable type printing.
115 Nicholas of Cusa
116 Bessarion, John
117 Alberti, Leone Battista
118 Peurbach, Georg von
119 Regiomontanus
120 Pacioli, Luca
121 Columbus, Christopher
122 Leonardo da Vinci
123 Vespucius, Americus
124 Cano, Juan Sebastian Del
125 Waldseemoller, Martin
126 Dürer, Albrecht
127 Copernicus, Nicolas
128 Balboa, Vasco Nunez de
129 Schoner, Johannes
130 Magellan, Ferdinand
131 Paracelsus
132 Agricola, Georgius
133 Apian, Peter
134 Fernel, Jean François
135 Tartaglia, Niccolo
136 Fuchs, Leonhard
137 Cardano, Girolamo
138 Gemma Frisius, Reiner
139 Pare, Ambroise
140 Colombo, Realdo
141 Eustachio, Bartolomeo
142 Servetus, Michael
143 Reinhold, Erasmus
144 Mercator, Gerardus
145 Rheticus
146 Vesalius, Andreas
147 Gesner, Konrad Von
148 Belon, Pierre
149 Fallopius, Gabriel
150 Porta, Giambattista Della
151 Fabricius Ab Aquapendente, Hieronymus
152 Clavius, Christoph
153 Vieta, Franciscus
154 Scaliger, Joseph Justus
155 Gilbert, William
156 Brahe, Tycho Astronomy (14 December 1546 – 24 October 1601) Known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations.
157 Bruno, Giordano Astronomy (1548 – February 17, 1600). The first man to have conceptualized the universe as a continuum where the stars we see at night are identical in nature to the Sun.
158 Stevinus, Simon
159 Napier, John
160 Alpini, Prospero
161 Norman, Robert
162 Libavius
163 Bacon, Francis
164 Briggs, Henry
165 Sanctorius, Sanctorius
166 Galileo
167 Fabricius, David Astronomy (1564–1617)Known for discovering the first known periodic variable star and the first confirmed instance of the observation of sunspots.
168 Lippershey, Hans Astronomy (1570–1619), generally credited as being the inventor of the telescope.
169 Keppler, Johann
170 Bayer, Johann Astronomy (1572–1625) most famous for his star atlas Uranometria, published in 1603, which was the first atlas to cover the entire celestial sphere.
171 Marius, Simon
172 Oughtred, William
173 Scheiner, Christoph
174 Harvey, William
175 Helmont, Jan Baptista van
176 Wendelin, Godefroy
177 Snell, Willebrord Van Roijen
178 Baffin, William
179 Vernier, Pierre
180 Cysat, Johann
181 Mersenne, Marin Mathematics (September 8, 1588 – September 1, 1648). Mathematician and music theorist, often referred to as the "father of acoustics"
182 Gassendi, Pierre
183 Descartes, Rene
184 Gellibrand, Henry
185 Riccioli, Giovanni Battista
186 Cavalieri, Bonaventura
187 Kircher, Athanasius
188 Fermat, Pierre de
189 Guericke, Otto Von
190 Glauber, Johann Rudolf
191 Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso
192 Torricelli, Evangelista
193 Ferdinand II of Tuscany
194 Hevelius, Johannes
195 Gascoigne, William
196 Sylvius, Franciscus
197 Wilkins, John
198 Wallis, John
199 Grimaldi, Francesco Maria
200 Horrocks, Jeremiah
201 Graunt, John
202 Brouncker, William, 2D Viscount
203 Mariotte, Edme
204 Picard, Jean
205 Willis, Thomas
206 Viviani, Vincenzo
207 Pascal, Blaise
208 Sydenham, Thomas
209 Cassini, Giovanni Domenico
210 Barthoun, Erasmus
211 Redi, Francesco
212 Boyle, Robert Physics (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, best known for Boyle's law,[12]
213 Ray, John
214 Malpighi, Marcello
215 Huygens, Christiaan
216 Brand, Hennig
217 Richer, Jean
218 Rudbeck, Olof
219 Lower, Richard
220 Wren, Sir Christopher
221 Leeuwenhoek, Anton Van
222 Becher, Johann Joachim
223 Hooke, Robert
224 Swammerdam, Jan
225 Steno, Nicolaus
226 Gregory, James
227 Denis, Jean Baptiste
228 Graaf, Regnier de
229 Grew, Nehemiah
230 Mayow, John
231 Newton, Sir Isaac Physics (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27[13]) An English mathematician, astronomer, theologian and physicist.
232 Roemer, Olaus
233 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
234 Flamsteed, John
235 Papin, Denis
236 Savery, Thomas
237 Havers, Clopton
238 Halley, Edmund
239 Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de
240 Gregory, David
241 Stahl, Georg Ernst
242 Polhem, Christopher
243 Newcomen, Thomas
244 Amontons, Guillaume
245 Hauksbee, Francis
246 De Moivre, Abraham
247 Saccheri, Girolamo
248 Boerhaave, Hermann
249 Hales, Stephen
250 Bering, Vitus Jonassen
251 Morgagni, Giovanni Battista
252 Reaumur, Rene Antoine Ferchault de
253 Desaguliers, John Theophile
254 Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel
255 Delisle, Joseph Nicolas
256 Goldbach, Christian
257 Musschenbroek, Pieter Van
258 Bradley, James
259 Harrison, John
260 Brandt, Georg
261 Voltaire - (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778) François-Marie Arouet, known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher.
262 Gray, Stephen
263 Maclaurin, Colin
264 Bouguer, Pierre
265 Baker, Henry
266 Du Fay, Charles François de Cisternay
267 Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de
268 Bernoulli, Daniel
269 Kleist, Ewald Georg Von
270 La Condamine, Charles Marie de
271 Celsius, Anders
272 Franklin, Benjamin
273 Dollond, John
274 Châtelet, Gabrieue Émilie Ietonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise de
275 Euler, Leonhard
276 Linnaeus, Carolus
277 Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc. Comtede
278 Haller, Albrecht von
279 Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund
280 Gmelin, Johann Georg
281 Wright, Thomas
282 Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilievich
283 Clairaut, Alexis Claude
284 Lacaille, Nicolas Louis de
285 Needham, John Turberville Biology (10 September 1713 – 30 December 1781) was an English biologist and Roman Catholic priest.
286 Diderot, Denis
287 Guettard, Jean Etienne
288 Lind, James
289 d'Alembert, Jean le Rond
290 Canton, John
291 Bonnet, Charles
292 Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik
293 Kant, Immanuel
294 Michell, John
295 Le Gentil, Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean Baptiste
296 Desmarest, Nicolas
297 Hutton, James
298 Black, Joseph
299 Lambert, Johann Heinrich
300 Cook, James
301 Titius, Johann Daniel Astronomy (2 January 1729 – 16 December 1796) was a German astronomer and a professor at Wittenberg,[14] best known for formulating the Titius–Bode law, and for using this rule to predict the existence of a celestial object at 2.8 AU from the sun.
302 Spallanzani, Lazzaro
303 Bougainville, Louis Antoine de
304 Müller, Otto Friedrich
305 Messier, Charles
306 Ingenhousz, Jan
307 Cavendish, Henry
308 Darwin, Erasmus
309 Lalande, Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de
310 Maskelyne, Nevil
311 Arkwright, Sir Richard
312 Priestley, Joseph
313 Wolff, Kaspar Friedrich
314 Mesmer, Franz Anton
315 Bergman, Torbern Olof
316 Watt, James
317 Lagrange, Joseph-Louis, Comte de
318 Coulomb, Charles Augustin
319 Guyton de Morveau, Baron Louis Bernard
320 Galvani, Luigi
321 Herschel, Sir William Astronomy (15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) British astronomer and composer[15] Pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry. Discovered infrared radiation. Discovered Uranus and 2 of its moons (Titania and Oberon) and 2 moons of Saturn (Enceladus and Mimas).
322 Saussure, Horace Benedict de
323 Müller, Franz Joseph
324 Frere, John
325 Montgolfier, Jacques Etienne Andjoseph Michel
326 Lexell, Anders Johan
327 Withering, William
328 Leblanc, Nicolas
329 Scheele, Karl Wilhelm
330 Fitch, John
331 Banks, Sir Joseph
332 Haüy, René Just
333 Jefferson, Thomas
334 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent
335 Klaproth, Martin Heinrich
336 Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de
337 Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio, Count
338 Pinel, Philippe
339 Gahn, Johann Gottlieb
340 Monge, Gaspard
341 Piazzi, Giuseppe
342 Hjelm, Peter Jacob
343 Charles, Jacques Alexandre Cesar
344 Bode, Johann Elert
345 Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de
346 Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte
347 Laplace, Pierre Simon, Marquis de
348 Jenner, Edward
349 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Von
350 Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph
351 Rutherford, Daniel
352 Herschel, Caroline Lucretia
353 Dolomieu, Dieudonne de Gratet de
354 Sprengel, Christian Konrad
355 Werner, Abraham Gottlob
356 Prevost, Pierre
357 Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich
358 Legendre, Adrien Marie
359 Appert, Nicolas
360 Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count
361 Nicholson, William
363 Murdock, William
364 Proust, Joseph Louis
365 Parkinson, James
366 Fourcroy, Antoine François, Comtede
367 D'Elhuyar, Don Fausto
368 Chaptal, Jean Antoine Claude, Comtede Chanteloup
369 McAdam, John Loudon
370 Chladni, Ernst Florens Friedrich
371 Gall, Franz Joseph
372 Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus
373 Gadolin, Johan
374 Hall, Sir James
375 Tennant, Smithson
376 Pons, Jean Louis
377 Gregor, William
378 Richter, Jeremias Benjamin
379 Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas
380 Kirchhoff, Gottlieb Sigismund Constantin
381 Goodricke, John
382 Del Río, Andrés Manuel
383 Hatchett, Charles
384 Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore
385 Fulton, Robert
386 Whitney, Eli
387 Malthus, Thomas Robert
388 Wollaston, William Hyde
389 Dalton, John
390 Hisinger, Wilhelm
391 Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf
392 Bouvard, Alexis
393 Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, Baron
394 Nicol, William
395 Smith, William - (23 March 1769 – 28 August 1839)
396 Cuvier, Georges Leopold Chretien Frederic Dagobert, Baron
397 Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander, Baron Von
398 Seebeck, Thomas Johann
399 Trevithick, Richard
400 Bichat, Marie François Xavier
401 Mohs, Friedrich
402 Young, Thomas
403 Brown, Robert - (21 December 1773 – 10 June 1858)
404 Biot, Jean Baptiste
405 Buch, Christian Leopold von
406 Baily, Francis
407 Ampère, Andrè Marie
408 Malus, Etienne Louis
409 Kidd, John
410 Germain, Sophie
411 Strohmeyer, Friedrich
412 Avogadro, Amedeo, Count of Quaregna
413 Ritter, Johann Wilhelm
414 Courtois, Bernard
415 Gauss, Johann Karl Friedrich
416 Thenard, Louis Jacques
417 Oersted, Hans Christian
418 Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de
419 Bretonneau, Pierre Fidele
420 Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis
421 Davy, Sir Humphry Chemistry (17 December 1778 – 29 May 1829) A Cornish chemist and inventor, who is best remembered for isolating a series of substances for the first time: potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron, as well as discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodin
422 Schweigger, Johann Salomo Christoph
423 Oken, Lorenz
424 Silliman, Benjamin
425 Berzelius, Jons Jakob
426 Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottliebvon
427 Dobereiner, Johann Wolfgang
428 Hare, Robert
429 Laennec, Theophile Rene Hyacinthe
430 Braconnot, Henri
431 Stephenson, George
432 Poisson, Simeon Denis
433 Brewster, Sir David
434 Biela, Wilhelm Von
435 Guthrie, Samuel
436 Sturgeon, William
437 Sertorner, Friedrich Wilhelm Adamferdinand
438 Magendie, François
439 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm
440 Prout, William
441 Dulong, Pierre Louis
442 Sedgwick, Adam
443 Audubon, John James
444 Beaumont, William Medicine (November 21, 1785 – April 25, 1853) "Father of Gastric Physiology"
445 Lister, Joseph Jackson
446 Arago, Dominique François Jean
447 Amici, Giovanni Battista
448 Chevreul, Michel Eugene
449 Charpentier, Johann Von
450 Fraunhofer, Joseph Von
451 Sefstrom, Nils Gabriel
452 Purkinje, Jan Evangelista
453 Venetz, Ignatz
454 Pelletier, Pierre Joseph
455 Fresnel, Augustin Jean
456 Poncelet, Jean Victor
457 Gmelin, Leopold
458 Boucher de Crèvecœur Deperthes, Jacques
459 Sabine, Sir Edward
460 Thomsen, Christian Jurgensen
461 Ohm, Georg Simon
462 Redfield, William C.
463 Cauchy, Augustin Louis, Baron
464 Bond, William Cranch
465 Bright, Richard - (September 28, 1789 – December 16, 1858)
466 Schwabe, Heinrich Samuel
467 Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandet
468 Mantell, Gideon Algernon
469 Hall, Marshall
470 Daniell, John Frederic
471 Mobius, August Ferdinand
472 Peacock, George
473 Morse, Samuel Finley Breese
474 Faraday, Michael
475 Encke, Johann Franz
476 Petit, Alexis Therese
477 Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey
478 Baer, Karl Ernst Von
479 Herschel, Sir John Frederick William
480 Coriolis, Gustave Gaspard de
481 Babbage, Charles Engineering (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) An English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.
482 Addison, Thomas
483 Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Von
484 Lobachevski, Nikolai Ivanovich
485 Mitscherlich, Eilhardt
486 Babinet, Jacques
487 Whewell, William
488 Madler, Johann Heinrich
489 Pander, Christian Heinrich
490 Payen, Anselme
491 Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried
492 Weber, Ernst Heinrich
493 Caventou, Joseph Bienaime
494 Braid, James
495 Claus, Carl Ernst
496 Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques
497 Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi
498 Retzius, Anders Adolf
499 Beer, Wilhelm
500 Poiseuille, Jean Leonard Marie - (22 April 1797 – 26 December 1869)
501 Mosander, Carl Gustav Chemistry discovered the elements lanthanum, erbium and terbium.
502 Lyell, Sir Charles
503 Henry, Joseph
504 Melloni, Macedonio
505 Henderson, Thomas Astronomy (28 December 1798 – 23 November 1844) the first person to measure the distance to Alpha Centauri,
506 Reich, Ferdinand
507 Clapeyron, Benoit Pierre Emile
508 Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August
509 Lassell, William
510 Schonbein, Christian Friedrich
511 Talbot, William Henry Fox - (11 February 1800 – 17 September 1877)
512 Ross, Sir James Clark
513 Rosse, William Parsons, 3rd Earl of
514 Dumas, Jean Baptiste Andre
515 Wohler, Friedrich
516 Goodyear, Charles
517 Dujardin, Felix
518 Miller, William Hallowes
519 Lartet, Edouard Annand Isidore Hippolyte
520 Fechner, Gustav Theodor
521 Plücker, Julius
522 Müller, Johannes Peter
523 Airy, Sir George Biddell
524 Borden, Gail
525 Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonne
526 Wheatstone, Sir Charles
527 Abel, Niels Henrik
528 Hess, Germain Henri
529 Balard, Antoine Jerome
530 Bolyai, Janos
531 Mulder, Gerardus Johannes
532 Liebig, Justus Von Chemistry (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) A German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry.
533 Ericsson, John
534 Doppler, Christian Johann
535 Challis, James
536 Lenz, Heinrich Friedrich Emil
537 Siebold, Karl Theodor Ernst von
538 Schleiden, Matthias Jakob
539 Owen, Sir Richard
540 Weber, Wilhelm Eduard
541 Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob
542 Mohl, Hugo von
543 Jackson, Charles Thomas
544 Fitzroy, Robert
545 Hamilton, Sir William Rowan
546 Lamont, Johann Von
547 Graham, Thomas
548 Maury, Matthew Fontaine
549 de Morgan, Augustus
550 Palmieri, Luigi
551 Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe
552 Guyot, Arnold Henry
553 Laurent, Auguste
554 Darwin, Charles Robert
555 Liouville, Joseph
556 Grassman, Hermann Günther
557 Henle, Friedrich Gustav Jakob
558 Holmes, Oliver Wendell
559 Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke
560 Valentin, Gabriel Gustav
561 Regnault, Henri Victor
562 Gray, Asa
563 Schwann, Theodor
564 Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph
565 Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm Eberhard
566 Draper, John William
567 Simpson, Sir James Young
568 Grove, Sir William Robert
569 Otis, Elisha Graves
570 Budd, William(1811–1880)
571 Galois, Evariste
572 Shanks, William
573 Galle, Johann Gottfried
574 Sobrero, Ascanio
575 Bessemer, Sir Henry
576 Snow, John
577 Archer, Frederick Scott
578 Bernard, Claude
579 Stas, Jean Servais
580 Andrews, Thomas - (9 December 1813 – 26 November 1885)
581 Parkes, Alexander Engineering Invented the first man-made plastic.
582 Fremy, Edmond
583 Geissler, Heinrich
584 Daubree, Gabriel Auguste
585 Angstrom, Anders Jonas
586 Kirkwood, Daniel
587 Mayer, Julius Robert
588 Lawes, Sir John Bennett
589 De La Rue, Warren
590 Forbes, Edward
591 Remak, Robert
592 Wunderlich, Carl Reinhold August
593 Weierstrass, Karl Theodor Wilhelm
594 Long, Crawford Williamson
595 Boole, George
596 Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris
597 Ludwig, Kari Friedrich Wilhelm
598 Nägeli, Carl
599 Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard de
600 Kolliker, Rudolf Albert Von
601 Kopp, Hermann Franz Moritz
602 Wurtz, Charles Adolphe
603 Sainte-Claire Deville, Henri Etienne
604 Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von
605 Donders, Franciscus Comelis
606 Secchi, Pietro Angelo
607 Semmelweiss, Ignaz Philipp
608 Mitchell, Maria
609 Gatling, Richard Jordan
610 Kolbe, Adolph Wilhelm Hermann
611 du Bois-Reymond, Emil Heinrich
612 Pettenkofer, Max Joseph Von
613 Joule, James Prescott
614 Drake, Edwin Laurentine
615 Adams, John Couch
616 Howe, Euas
617 Morton, William Thomas Green
618 Stokes, Sir George Gabriel
619 Foucault, Jean Bernard Leon
620 Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte Louis
621 Field, Cyrus West Engineering The driving force behind the first Transatlantic telegraph cable (Completed on August 5, 1858.)
622 Beguyer de Chancourtois, Alexandre-Emfle
623 Becquerel, Alexandre Edmond
624 Spencer, Herbert - (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903)
625 Rankine, William John Macquorn
626 Tyndall, John
627 Roche, Edouard Albert
628 Loschmidt, Johann Joseph
629 Cayley, Arthur
630 Mortillet, Louis Laurent Gabriel de
631 Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von
632 Virchow, Rudolph Carl
633 Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel
634 Schliemann, Heinrich
635 Lenoir, Jean Joseph Etienne Engineering developed the first internal combustion engine in 1859.
636 Galton, Sir Francis
637 Thomson, Robert William
638 Mendel, Gregor Johann
639 Arrest, Heinrich Ludwig d'
640 Leuckart, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf
641 Hermite, Charles
642 Pasteur, Louis
643 Wallace, Alfred Russel
644 Siemens, Sir William
645 Kronecker, Leopold
646 Huggins, Sir William
647 Janssen, Pierre Jules Cesar
648 Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert
649 Hittorf, Johann Wilhelm
650 Williamson, Alexander William
651 Hofmeister, Wilhelm Friedrichbenedikt
652 Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron
653 Broca, Pierre Paul
654 Richter, Hieronymus Theodor
655 Frankland, Sir Edward
656 Bates, Henry Walter
657 Schultze, Max Johann Sigismund
658 Balmer, Johann Jakob
659 Huxley, Thomas Henry
660 Bond, George Phillips
661 Erlenmeyer, Richard August Carl Enul
662 Charcot, Jean Martin
663 Hoppe-Seyler, Ernst Felix Immanuel
664 Stoney, George Johnstone Physics introducing the term electron as the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity".
665 Thomsen, Hans Peter Jørgen Julius
666 Gramme, Zenobe Theophile
667 Carrington, Richard Christopher
668 Cannizzaro, Stanislao
669 Gegenbaur, Karl
670 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard
671 Donati, Giovanni Battista
672 Lister, Joseph, Baron
673 Abel, Sir Frederick Augustus
674 Berthelot, Pierre Eugene Marcelin
675 Cohn, Ferdinand Julius
676 Butlerov, Alexander Mikhailovich
677 Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson Engineering (31 October 1828 – 27 May 1914) invented the incandescent light bulb
678 Stewart, Balfour
679 Pogson, Norman Robert
680 Kekulé von Stradonitz, Friedrich August
681 Hall, Asaph
682 Thomson, Sir Charles Wyville
683 Marey, Etienne Jules
684 Raoult, François-Marie
685 Meyer, Julius Lothar
686 Couper, Archibald Scott
687 Suess, Eduard
688 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard
689 Hellriegel, Hermann Biology (1831–1895) Discovered that certain legumes were capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
690 Marsh, Othniel Charles - (October 29, 1831 – March 18, 1899) paleontologists in the American West.
691 Voit, Karl Von
692 Maxwell, James Clerk
693 Friedel, Charles
694 Otto, Nikolaus August
695 Crookes, Sir Wniiam
696 Clark, Alvan Graham
697 Wundt, Wilhelm Max
698 Cailletet, Louis Paul
699 Sachs, Julius von
700 Nordenskiold, Nils Adolf Erik
701 Waage, Peter
702 Bert, Paul
703 Nobel, Alfred Bemhard
704 Weismann, August Friedrich Leopold
705 Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich
706 Caro, Heinrich
707 Haeckel, Emst Heinrich Philippaugust
708 Daimler, Gottlieb Wilhelm
709 Plante, Gaston
710 Venn, John
711 Langley, Samuel Pierpont
712 Young, Charles Augustus
713 Newcomb, Simon
714 Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio
715 Stefan, Josef
716 Wislicenus, Johannes
717 Ringer, Sydney
718 Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von
719 Lockyer, Sir Joseph Norman
720 Allbutt, Sir Thomas Clifford
721 Guldberg, Cato Maximilian
722 Waldeyer-Hartz, Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried Von
723 Draper, Henry
724 Proctor, Richard Anthony
725 Kühne, Wilhelm (Willy) Friedrich
726 Van Der Waals, Johannes Diderik
727 Newlands, John Alexander Reina
728 Hyatt, John Wesley
729 Markovnikov, Vladimir Vasilevich
730 Morley, Edward Williams
731 Hitzig, Julius Eduard Medicine (Feb 6, 1838 – Aug 20, 1907) German physiologist.
732 Beilstein, Friedrich Konrad
733 Mach, Ernst
734 Perkin, Sir William Henry
735 Solvay, Ernest
736 Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Emile
737 Zeppelin, Ferdinand Adolf August Heinrich, Count von
738 Abbe, Cleveland
739 Winkler, Clemens Alexander
740 Gibbs, Josiah Willard
741 Crafts, James Mason
742 Przhevalsky, Nikolay Mikhaylovich
743 Chardonnet, Louis Marie Hilaire Bemigaud, Comte de
744 Kundt, August Adolph Eduard Eberhard
745 Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens
746 Cleve, Per Teodor
747 Nilson, Lars Fredrik
748 Cope, Edward Drinker
749 Krafft-Ebing, Baron Richard Von
750 Kovalevski, Alexander Onufriyevich
751 Amagat, Emile Hilaire
752 Graebe, Karl James Peter
753 Dutton, Clarence Edward
754 James, William
755 Breuer, Josef
756 Flammarion, Nicolas Camille
757 Vogel, Hermann Carl
758 Linde, Karl Paul Gottfried Von
759 Dewar, Sir James
760 Rayleigh, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron
761 Ferrier, Sir David
762 Flemming, Walther
763 Gill, Sir David
764 Golgi, Camillo
765 Abney, Sir William de Wiveleslie
766 Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder
767 Koch, (Heinrich Hermann) Robert
768 Strasburger, Eduard Adolf
769 Boltzmann, Ludwig Edward
770 Miescher, Johann Friedrich
771 Manson, Sir Patrick
772 Cantor, Georg
773 Pfeffer, Wilhelm
774 Roentgen, Wilhelm Konrad
775 Mechnikov, Ilya Ilich
776 Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Medicine discovered that the cause of malaria is a protozoan
777 Darwin, Sir George Howard
778 Lippmann, Gabriel Jonas
779 Wroblewski, Zygmunt Plorenty Von
780 Hall, Granvflle Stanley
781 Remsen, Ira
782 Beneden, Edouard Josephlouis-Marie Van
783 Pictet, Raoul Pierre
784 Pickering, Edward Charles
785 Westinghouse, George
786 Baumann, Eugen
787 Le Bel, Joseph Achille
788 Edison, Thomas Alva - (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931)
789 Bell, Alexander Graham - (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922)
790 Wallach, Otto
791 Langerhans, Paul
792 De Vries, Hugo Marie
793 Lilienthal, Otto
794 Eotvos, Roland, Baron von
795 Dorn, Friedrich Ernst
796 Meyer, Viktor
797 Frege, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob
798 Rowland, Henry Augustus
799 Burbank, Luther
800 Klein, Christian Felix
801 Kjeldahl, Johann Gustav Christoffer
802 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich
803 Fleming, Sir John Ambrose
804 Kovalevsky, Sonya
805 Gaffky, Georg Theodor August
806 Heaviside, Oliver
807 Sharpey-Schafer, Sir Edward Albert
808 Braun, Karl Ferdinand
809 Richet, Charles Robert
810 Righi, Augusto
811 Goldstein, Eugen
812 Le Chatelier, Henri Louis
813 Buchner, Hans Ernst Angass
814 Milne, John
815 Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius Astronomy (January 19, 1851 – June 18, 1922) the first discoverer of evidence for galactic rotation.
816 Chamberland, Charles Edouard
817 Beijerinck, Martinus Willem
818 Maunder, Edward Walter
819 Berliner, Emile
820 Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph
821 Fitzgerald, George Francis
822 Reed, Walter
823 Balfour, Francis Maitland
824 Frasch, Herman
825 Demarcay, Eugene Anatole
826 Lindemann, Carl Louis Ferdinandvon
827 Ramon Y Cajal, Santiago
828 Loffler, Friedrich August Johannes
829 van 't Hoff, Jacobus Henricus
830 Halsted, William Stewart
831 Moissan, Ferdinand Frederic Henri
832 Ramsay, Sir William
833 Fischer, Emil Hermann
834 Becquerel, Antoine Henri Physics discoverer of radioactivity, for which he won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics
835 Michelson, Albert Abraham Physics known for his work on the measurement of the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.
836 Schaeberle, John Martin
837 Thomson, Elihu
838 Petrie, Sir (William Matthew)Flinders - Egyptologist
839 Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon
840 Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm
841 Gram, Hans Christian Joachim Medicine (1853–1938), inventor of the Gram stain.
842 Kossel, (Karl Martin Leonhard)Albrecht
843 Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike
844 Roux, Pierre Paul Emile
845 Ehrlich, Paul
846 Behring, Emil Adolf von'
847 Poincaré, Jules Henri
848 Rubner, Max
849 Carroll, James
850 Parsons, Sir Charles Algernon
851 Hampson, William Engineering (1854–1926) English inventor.
852 Eastman, George
853 Gorgas, William Crawford
854 Roozeboom, Hendrik Willem Bakhuis
855 Takamine, Jokichi
856 Sabatier, Paul
857 Rydberg, Johannes Robert
858 Elster, Johann Philipp Ludwig Julius Physics (1854–1920) – Studied Photoelectric effect. Produced first practical device for measuring intensity of light.
859 Neisser, Albert Ludwig Sigismund
860 Lowell, Percival
861 Teisserenc de Bort, Leon Philippe
862 Cross, Charles Frederick
863 Acheson, Edward Goodrich
864 Taylor, Frederick Winslow
865 Freud, Sigmund
866 Peary, Robert Edwin
867 Tesla, Nikola
868 Wilson, Edmund Beecher
869 Thomson, Sir Joseph John
870 Kitasato, Baron Shibasaburō
871 Mohorovicic, Andrija
872 Johannsen, Wilhelm Ludwig
873 Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf
874 Wagner Von Jauregg, Julius
875 Pearson, Karl
876 Ross, Sir Ronald
877 Abel, John Jacob
878 Binet, Alfred
879 Keeler, James Edward
880 Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich
881 Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott
882 Koller, Carl
883 Barnard, Edward Emerson
884 Dubois, Marie Eugene Francoisthomas
885 Pickering, William Henry
886 Diesel, Rudolf
887 Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig
888 Eijkman, Christiaan
889 Peano, Giuseppe
890 Auer, Karl, Baron Von Welsbach
891 Pupin, Michael Idvorsky
892 Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott
893 Bose, Sir Jagadis Chandra
894 Arrhenius, Svante August
895 Popov, Alexander Stepanovich
896 Loeb, Jacques
897 Curie, Pierre
898 Reid, Harry Fielding
899 Smith, Theobald
900 Osborne, Thomas Burr Medicine Discovered vitamin A.
901 Haffkine, Waldemar Mordecaiwolfs
902 Bayliss, Sir William Maddock
903 Buchner, Eduard
904 Einthoven, Willem Medicine (1860–1927) invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903
905 Barringer, Daniel Moreau
906 Villard, Paul Ulrich Physics discovered gamma rays in 1900
907 Sperry, Elmer Ambrose
908 Finsen, Niels Ryberg
909 Goldschmidt, Johann (Hans) Wilhelm
910 Guillaume, Charles Edouard
911 Whitehead, Alfred North
912 Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland
913 Bateson, William
914 Nansen, Fridtjof
915 Innes, Robert Thorburn Ayton
916 Kennelly, Arthur Edwin
917 Wiechert, Emil
918 Hilbert, David
919 Gullstrand, Allvar
920 Lenard, Philipp Eduard Anton Von
921 Nef, John Ulric
922 Bragg, Sir William Henry
923 Boveri, Theodor
924 Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovich
925 Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
926 Love, Augustus Edward Hough
927 Wolf, Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius
928 Walden, Paul
929 Ford, Henry
930 Kipping, Frederic Stanley - (1863–1949). Pioneering work with silicone.
931 Baekeland, Leo Hendrik
932 Cannon, Annie Jump
933 Hall, Charles Martin
934 Wien, Wilhelm
935 Minkowski, Hermann
936 Nernst, Hermann Walther
937 Carver, George Washington
938 Correns, Karl Franz Joseph Erich
939 Ivanovsky, Dmitri Losifovich
940 Hartmann, Johannes Franz
941 Paschen, Louis Carl Heinrichfriedrich
942 Weiss, Pierre
943 Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf
944 Steinmetz, Charles Proteus
945 Zeeman, Pieter
946 Nagaoka, Hantaro
947 Harden, Sir Arthur
948 Leishman, Sir William Boog
949 Plaskett, John Stanley
950 Gomberg, Moses
951 Wasserman, August Von
952 Lebedev, Pyotr Nikolaevich
953 Miller, Dayton Clarence
954 Starling, Ernest Henry
955 Lazear, Jesse William
956 Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri
957 Morgan, Thomas Hunt
958 Fessenden, Reginald Aubrey
959 Broom, Robert
960 Werner, Alfred
961 Wright, Wilbur
962 Fabry, Charles
963 Douglass, Andrew Ellicott
964 Perrine, Charles Dillon
965 Curie, Marie Sklodowska
966 Ipatieff, Vladimir Nikolaevich
967 Sorensen, Soren Peter Lauritz Chemistry (1868–1939) introduced of the concept of pH
968 Richards, Theodore William Chemistry Won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry, "in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the chemical elements."
969 Millikan, Robert Andrews Physics Nobel laureate in physics for his measurement of the charge on the electron and for his work on the photoelectric effect.
970 Hayford, John Fillmore
971 Scott, Robert Falcon
972 Sabine, Wallace Clement Ware Engineering acoustical architect of Boston's Symphony Hall
973 Landsteiner, Kari Medicine noted for his development in 1901 of the modern system of classification of blood groups
974 Hale, George Ellery
975 Leavitt, Henrietta Swan
976 Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm
977 Haber, Fritz
978 Abegg, Richard Wilhelm Heinrich
979 Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees
980 Levene, Phoebus Aaron Theodor
981 Spemann, Hans
982 Pregl, Fritz
983 Poulsen, Valdemar Engineering developed a magnetic wire recorder (precursor to magnetic tape recording) in 1899.
984 Adler, Alfred
985 Honda, Kotaro
986 Bordet, Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent
987 Boltwood, Bertram Borden
988 Ivanov, IIya Ivanovich
989 Claude, Georges
990 Perrin, Jean Baptiste
991 Pope, Sir William Jackson
992 Ricketts, Howard Taylor
993 Grignard, François Auguste Victor
994 Bodenstein, Max
995 Wright, Orville
996 Rutherford, Ernest
997 Schaudinn, Fritz Richard
998 Cannon, Walter Bradford
999 Tschermak Von Seysenegg, Erich
1000 Langevin, Paul
1001 Travers, Morris William
1002 Urbain, Georges
1003 Moulton, Forest Ray
1004 Sitter, Willem de
1005 Russell, Bertrand Arthur William,3rd Earl
1006 Tsvett, Mikhail Semenovich
1007 Curtis, Heber Doust
1008 Amundsen, Roald Engelbregt
1009 Willstatter, Richard
1010 Duggar, Benjamin Minge
1011 Euler-Chelpin, Hans Karl Augustsimon Von
1012 d'Herelle, Felix Hubert Medicine (1873–1949) the co-discoverer of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria)
1013 Sidgwick, Nevil Vincent
1014 Berger, Hans
1015 Loewi Otto
1016 Carrel, Alexis
1017 de Forest, Lee
1018 Hertzsprung, Ejnar
1019 Schwarzschild, Karl
1020 Coolidge, William David - (1873–1975)
1021 Coblentz, William Weber
1022 Harkins, William Draper
1023 Erlanger, Joseph
1024 Stark, Johannes
1025 Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo Engineering (1874–1937). 1909 Nobel prize for improvements in radio communications. (Increased range from 1.5 km to first transatlantic radio message on December 17, 1902.)
1026 Debierne, Andre Louis
1027 Goldberger, Joseph
1028 Bosch, Karl
1029 Blakeslee, Albert Francis
1030 Krogh, Schack August Steenberg
1031 Weizmann, Chaim
1032 Moniz, Antonio Caetano de Abreufreire Egas
1033 Michaelis, Leonor
1034 Dale, Sir Henry Hallett
1035 Jung, Carl Gustav
1036 Sherman, Henry Clapp Medicine (1875–1955) Developed methods for measuring vitamin content of food.
1037 Lewis, Gilbert Newton Chemistry known for the discovery of the covalent bond
1038 Slipher, Vesto Melvin
1039 Diels, Otto Paul Hermann
1040 Barany, Robert
1041 Yerkes, Robert Meams
1042 Keesom, Willem Hendrik
1043 Stock, Alfred
1044 Kettering, Charles Franklin
1045 Adams, Walter Sydney
1046 Windaus, Adolf
1047 Sutton, Walter Stanborough
1048 Wieland, Heinrich Otto
1049 Barkla, Charles Glover
1050 Beebe, Charles William
1051 Aston, Francis William
1052 Soddy, Frederick
1053 Jeans, Sir James Hopwood
1054 Avery, Oswald Theodore
1055 Twort, Frederick William
1056 Russell, Henry Norris
1057 Watson, John Broadus
1058 Nieuwland, Julius Arthur
1059 Whipple, George Hoyt
1060 Meitner, Lise
1061 Bronsted, Johannes Nicolaus
1062 Mccollum, Elmer Verner
1063 Hahn, Otto
1064 Einstein, Albert
1065 Schmidt, Bernhard Voldemar
1066 Richardson, Sir Owen Willans
1067 Rous, Francis Peyton
1068 Laue, Max Theodor Felix von
1069 Woolley, Sir Charles Leonard
1070 Gesell, Arnold Lucius Medicine (21 June 1880 – 29 May 1961) was a psychologist and pediatrician who was a pioneer in the field of child development.
1071 Wegener, Alfred Lothar
1072 Langmuir, Irving
1073 Hess, Walter Rudolf
1074 Staudinger, Hermann
1075 Karman, Theodore Von
1076 Fischer, Hans
1077 Fleming, Sir Alexander
1078 Davisson, Clinton Joseph
1079 Barkhausen, Heinrich
1080 Bridgman, Percy Williams
1081 Franck, James
1082 Geiger, Hans Wilhelm Physics (1882–1945) Perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger–Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus.
1083 Goddard, Robert Hutchings Engineering On March 16, 1926, he became the first person to build and launch a liquid-fueled rocket.
1084 Born, Max
1085 Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley
1086 Burt, Sir Cyril Lodowic
1087 Haworth, Sir Walter Norman
1088 Hess, Victor Francis Physics discovered cosmic rays.
1089 Warburg, Otto Heinrich
1090 Smith, Philip Edward
1091 Andrews, Roy Chapman
1092 Piccard, August
1093 Funk, Casimir
1094 Debye, Peter Joseph Wilhelm
1095 Meyerhof, Otto Fritz
1096 Black, Davidson
1097 Svedberg, Theodor H. E.
1098 Bergius, Friedrich Karl Rudolf
1099 Rorschach, Hermann
1100 Hevesy, Győrgy
1101 Bohr, Niels Henrik David
1102 Shapley, Harlow
1103 Minot, George Richards
1104 Williams, Robert Runnels
1105 Kendall, Edward Calvin
1106 Dempster, Arthur Jeffrey
1107 Robinson, Sir Robert
1108 Hill, Archibald Vivian
1109 Trumpler, Robert Julius
1110 Frisch, Karl Von
1111 Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg
1112 Kohler, Wolfgang
1113 Keilin, David
1114 Rose, William Cumming
1115 Houssay, Bernardo Alberto
1116 Hertz, Gustav Ludwig
1117 Schrödinger, Erwin
1118 Paneth, Priedrich Adolf
1119 Ružicka, Leopold Stephen
1120 Sumner, James Batcheller
1121 Moseley, Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys
1122 Vavilov, Nikolay Ivanovich
1123 Goldschmidt, Victor Moritz
1124 Stern, Otto
1125 Friedmann, Alexander Alexandrovich
1126 Gasser, Herbert Spencer
1127 Zernicke, Fritz
1128 Waksman, Selman Abraham Engineering 1953 Nobel laureate for his invention of the phase contrast microscope,
1129 Byrd, Richard Evelyn
1130 Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata
1131 Karrer, Paul
1132 Midgley, Thomas, Jr.
1133 Gutenberg, Beno
1134 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma - (July 30, 1889 – July 29, 1982)
1135 Coster, Dirk
1136 Hubble, Edwin Powell
1137 Adrian, Edgar Douglas, Baron
1138 Holmes, Arthur
1139 Bush, Vannevar
1140 Jones, Sir Harold Spencer
1141 Henry, Sir William Lawrence
1142 Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer
1143 Armstrong, Edwin Howard
1144 Heyrovsky, Jaroslav
1145 Muller, Hermann Joseph
1146 Bothe, Walther Wilhelm Georg Franz
1147 Jeffreys, Sir Harold
1148 Northrop, John Howard
1149 Humason, Milton La Salle
1150 Chadwick, Sir James Physics (1891–1974). Nobel laureate in physics awarded for his discovery of the neutron.
1151 Nicholson, Seth Barnes
1152 Banting, Sir Frederick Grant Medicine one of the co-discoverers of insulin.
1153 Sturtevant, Alfred Henry
1154 Murphy, William Parry
1155 Watson-Watt, Sir Robert Alexander
1156 Thomson, Sir George Paget
1157 de Broglie, Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, Prince
1158 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
1159 Compton, Arthur Holly
1160 Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson
1161 Larson, John Augustus Engineering inventor of the polygraph
1162 Dart, Raymond Arthur
1163 Baade, Walter
1164 Urey, Harold Clayton
1165 Simon, Sir Franz Eugen Francis
1166 Noddack, Walter Karl Friedrich
1167 Szent-Győrgyi, Albert
1168 Opik, Ernst Julius
1169 Doisy, Edward Adelbert
1170 Bose, Satyendra Nath
1171 Oparin, Alexander Ivanovich
1172 Oberth, Hermann Julius
1173 Kapitza, Peter Leonidovich
1174 Lemaitre, Abbe Georges Edouard
1175 Wiener, Norbert
1176 Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari
1177 Dam, Carl Peter Henrik
1178 Giauque, William Francis
1179 Minkowski, Rudolph Leo B.
1180 Tamm, Igor Yevgenyevich
1181 Cournand, Andre Frederic
1182 Rhine, Joseph Banks
1183 Domagk, Gerhard
1184 Richards, Dickinson W.
1185 Lindblad, Bertil
1186 Milne, Edward Arthur
1187 Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke
1188 Hench, Philip Showalter
1189 Semenov, Nikolay Nikolaevich
1190 Carothers, Wallace Hume
1191 Mulliken, Robert Sanderson
1192 Cori, Gerty Theresa Radnitz
1193 King, Charles Glen
1194 Cori, Carl Ferdinand
1195 Enders, John Franklin
1196 Lyot, Bernard Ferdinand
1197 Hassel, Odd
1198 Cockcroft, Sir John Douglas
1199 Wittig, Georg Friedrich Karl
1200 Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril Norman
1201 Reichstein, Tadeusz
1202 Wyckoff, Ralph Walter Graystone
1203 Struve, Otto
1204 Joliot-Curie, Irene
1205 Bjerknes, Jacob Aall Bonnevie,
1206 Norrish, Ronald George Wreyford
1207 Blackett, Patrick Maynard Stuart
1208 Szilard, Leo
1209 Zwicky, Fritz
1210 Astbury, William Thomas
1211 Schoenheimer, Rudolf
1212 Rabi, Isidor Isaac Physics Nobel laureate in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance.
1213 Florey, Howard
1214 Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
1215 Ziegler, Karl
1216 Müller, Paul Hermann
1217 Theiler, Max
1218 Best, Charles Herbert Medicine He was one of the co-discoverers of insulin.
1219 Van Vleck, John Hasbrouck
1220 Bekesy, Georg Von
1221 Lipmann, Fritz Albert
1222 Claude, Albert
1223 Burnet, Sir Frank Macfariane
1224 Dobzhansky, Theodosius
1225 Rickover, Hyman George
1226 London, Fritz Wolfgang
1227 Joliot-Curie, Frederic
1228 Pauli, Wolfgang
1229 Oort, Jan Hendrik
1230 Gabor, Dennis Physics inventor, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the Nobel Prize in Physics.
1231 Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf
1232 Granit, Ragnar Arthur
1233 Kuhn, Richard
1234 Uhlenbeck, George Eugene
1235 Dubos, Rene Jules
1236 Pauling, Linus Carl
1237 Menzel, Donald Howard
1238 Hinton, Christopher, Baron Engineering nuclear engineer, and supervisor of the construction of Calder Hall, the world's first large-scale commercial nuclear power station.
1239 Du Vigneaud, Vincent
1240 Elvehjem, Conrad Arnold
1241 Lawrence, Ernest Orlando
1242 Huggins, Charles Branton
1243 Fermi, Enrico
1244 Oliphant, Marcus Laurence Elwin
1245 Heisenberg, Werner Karl
1246 Van de Graaf, Robert Jemison
1247 van de Kamp, Peter
1248 Morgenstern, Oskar
1249 Lindbergh, Charles Augustus
1250 Brattain, Walter Houser Engineering along with John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the transistor.
1251 Strassman, Fritz
1252 Kastler, Alfred
1253 Lwoff, Andre Michael
1254 Alder, Kurt
1255 Goudsmtt, Samuel Abraham
1256 Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice
1257 Tiselius, Arne Wilhelm Kaurin
1258 Brouwer, Dirk
1259 Spedding, Frank Harold Chemistry chemist who developed an ion exchange procedure for separating rare earth elements, purifying uranium, and separating isotopes of elements.
1260 Wigner, Eugene Paul
1261 Kurchatov, Igor Vasilevich
1262 Eccles, Sir John Carew
1263 Natta, Giulio
1264 Boyd, William Clouser
1265 Butenandt, Adolf Friedrich Johann
1266 Pincus, Gregory
1267 Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor
1268 Leakey, Louis Seymour Bazett
1269 Walton, Ernest Thomas Sinton
1270 Beadle, George Wells
1271 Lorenz, Konrad
1272 Onsager, Lars
1273 Neumann, John Von
1274 Powell, Cecil Frank
1275 Snell, George Davis
1276 Hartline, Haldan Keffer
1277 Bittner, John Joseph
1278 Gamow, George
1279 Elsasser, Walter Maurice
1280 Oppenheimer, J. Robert
1281 Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich
1282 Stanley, Wendeu Meredith
1283 Forssman, Werner
1284 Frisch, Otto Robert
1285 Neel, Louis Eugene Felix
1286 Herzberg, Gerhard
1287 Segre, Emilio
1288 Von Euler, Ulf Svante
1289 Rossi, Bruno Benedetto
1290 Wildt, Rupert
1291 Chargapf, Erwin - (1905–2002)
1292 Anderson, Carl David Physics best known for discovering the positron in 1932, an achievement for which he received the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics, and of the muon in 1936.
1293 Ochoa, Severo
1294 Mott, Sir Nevill Francis
1295 Jansky, Karl Guthe
1296 Bloch, Felix
1297 Kuiper, Gerard Peter
1298 Morgan, William Wilson
1299 Tombaugh, Clyde William Astronomy (1906–1997) best known for discovering the dwarf planet Pluto in 1930
1300 Tomonaga, Shin'ichiro
1301 Godel, Kurt
1302 Bok, Bart Jan
1303 Ewing, William Maurice
1304 Hess, Harry Hammond
1305 Craig, Lyman Creighton Medicine (1908–1974), biochemist known for isolating parathyroid hormone.
1306 Chain, Ernst Boris
1307 Goeppert-Mayer, Maria
1308 Bethe, Hans Albrecht
1309 Schaefer, Vincent Joseph
1310 Prelog, Vladimir
1311 Sabin, Albert Bruce
1312 Folkers, Kari August
1313 Delbrück, Max
1314 Leloir, Luis Frederico
1315 Ley, Willy
1316 Edlen, Bengt
1317 Whipple, Fred Lawrence
1318 Wald, George
1319 Goldmark, Peter Carl
1320 Wilkins, Robert Wallace
1321 Zinn, Walter Henry
1322 Ruska, Ernst August Friedrich
1323 Yukawa, Hideki
1324 Veksler, Vladimir Losifovich
1325 Bovet, Daniele
1326 Tinbergen, Nikolaas
1327 Jensen, Johannes Hans Daniel
1328 Mauchly, John William
1329 Mcmillan, Edwin Mattison
1330 Dunning, John Ray
1331 Todd, Alexander Robertus, Baron
1332 Teller, Edward
1333 Landau, Lev Davidovich
1334 Bardeen, John
1335 Alfvén, Hannes Olof Gosta
1336 Kozyrev, Nikolai Alexandrovich
1337 Bawden, Sir Frederick Charles
1338 Ambartzumian, Victoramazaspovich
1339 Williams, Robley Cook
1340 Frank, Ilya Mikhaylovich
1341 Hershey, Alfred Day
1342 Libby, Willard Frank
1343 Artsimovich, Lev Andreevich
1344 Land, Edwin Herbert
1345 Greenstein, Jesse Leonard
1346 Tatum, Edward Lawrie
1347 Monod, Jacques Lucien
1348 Shockley, William Bradford
1349 Walter, William Grey
1350 Martin, Archer John Porter
1351 Pierce, John Robinson
1352 Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot
1353 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
1354 Flory, Paul John
1355 Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz
1356 Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan
1357 Roberts, Richard Brooke Physics physicist and biophysicist, participated in the experiment in which the splitting of the uranium atom was first observed in 1939.
1358 Shemin, David
1359 Katz, Sir Bernard
1360 Lynen, Feodor
1361 Calvin, Melvin
1362 Goldhaber, Maurice
1362 Blanchard, Jean Pierre François
1363 Alvarez, Luis Walter
1364 Mueller, Erwin Wilhelm
1365 Stein, William Howard
1366 Wheeler, John Archibald
1367 Kerst, Donald William
1368 Reber, Grote
1369 Bloch, Konrad Emil
1370 Braun, Wernher Magnus Maximilian von
1371 Fox, Sidney Walter
1372 Seaborg, Glenn Theodore
1373 Brown, Herbert Charles
1374 Axelrod, Julius
1375 Turing, Alan Mathison
1376 Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich, Baron von
1377 Luria, Salvador Edward
1378 Purcell, Edward Mills
1379 Moore, Stanford
1380 Palade, George Emil
1381 Flerov, Georgii Nikolaevich
1382 Li, Choh Hao
1383 Abelson, Philip Hauge
1384 Chance, Britton
1385 Kamen, Martin David
1386 Lovell, Sir Alfred Charles Bernard
1387 Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd
1388 Dulbecco, Renato
1389 Perutz, Max Ferdinand
1390 Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.
1391 Vonnegut, Bernard
1392 Van Allen, James Alfred
1393 Salk, Jonas Edward
1394 Synge, Richard Laurence Millington
1395 Hofstadter, Robert
1396 Medawar, Sir Peter Brian
1397 Weller, Thomas Huckle
1398 Hoyle, Sir Fred
1399 Barghoorn, Elso Sterrenberg
1400 Townes, Charles Hard
1401 Hillier, James
1402 Sutherland, Earl Wilbur, Jr.
1403 Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer
1404 Shannon, Claude Elwood
1405 Dicke, Robert Henry
1406 Crick, Francis Harry Compton Medicine (1916–2004) most noted for being one of two co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953,
1407 Friedman, Herbert
1408 Shklovskii, Losif Samuilovich
1409 Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovich
1410 Robbins, Frederick Chapman
1411 Dausset, Jean
1412 O'keefe, John Aloysius
1413 Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick
1414 Prigogine, Ilya
1415 Kendrew, John Cowdery
1416 Woodward, Robert Burns
1417 Cornforth, Sir John Warcup
1418 De Duve, Christian Rene
1419 Huxley, Andrew Fielding
1420 Rainwater, Leo James
1421 Schwinger, Julian Seymour
1422 Kornberg, Arthur
1423 Reines, Frederick
1424 Feynman, Richard Philips
1425 Matthias, Bern Teo
1426 Sanger, Frederick
1427 Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard
1428 Ryle, Sir Martin
1429 Fischer, Ernst Otto
1430 Van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffell
1431 Eckert, John Presper, Jr.
1432 Hillary, Sir Edmund Percival
1433 Bondi, Sir Hermann
1434 Cowan, Clyde Lorrain
1435 Lipscomb, William Nunn, Jr.
1436 Bloembergen, Nicolaas
1437 Gold, Thomas
1438 Jacob, François
1439 Chamberlain, Owen
1440 Franklin, Rosalind Elsie
1441 Mitchell, Peter Dennis
1442 Benacerraf, Baruj
1443 Porter, George
1444 Sakharov, Andrey Dmitriyevich
1445 Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey
1446 Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman
1447 Hoagland, Mahlon Bush
1448 Khorana, Har Gobind
1449 Holley, Robert William
1450 Bohr, Aage Niels
1451 Yang, Chen Ning
1452 Barnard, Christiaan Neethling Medicine (1922–2001) cardiac surgeon, famous for performing the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant.
1453 Basov, Nikolai Gennadievich
1454 Fitch, Val Logsden
1455 Franklin, Kenneth Linn
1456 Gajdusek, Daniel Carieton
1457 Ponnamperuma, Cyril
1458 Anderson, Philip Warren
1459 Dyson, Freeman John
1460 Gubllemin, Roger
1461 Cormack, Allan MacLeod
1462 Heezen, Bruce Charles
1463 Hewish, Anthony
1464 Esaki, Leo
1465 Ne'eman, Yuval
1466 Lederberg, Joshua
1467 Blumberg, Baruch Samuel
1468 Salam, Abdus
1469 Sandage, Allan Rex
1470 Berg, Paul
1471 Mottelson, Ben Roy
1472 Glaser, Donald Arthur
1473 Lee, Tsung-Dao
1474 Schally, Andrew Victor
1475 O'Neill, Gerard Kitchen
1476 Nirenberg, Marshau Warren
1477 Eigen, Manfred
1478 Parker, Eugene Newman
1479 Maiman, Theodore Harold
1480 Watson, James Dewey
1481 Hawkins, Gerald Stanley
1482 Nathans, Daniel
1483 Mossbauer, Rudolf Ludwig
1484 Giaever, Ivar
1485 Arber, Werner
1486 Edelman, Gerald Maurice
1487 Gell-Mann, Murray
1488 Schmidt, Maarten
1489 Cooper, Leon N.
1490 Miller, Stanley Lloyd
1491 Drake, Frank Donald
1492 Armstrong, Neil Alden
1493 Richter, Burton
1494 I Miller, Jacques Francis Albert Pierre
1495 Schrieffer, John Robert
1496 Smith, Hamilton Othanel
1497 Cronin, James Watson
1498 Gilbert, Walter
1499 Bartlett, Neil
1500 Glashow, Sheldon Lee
1501 Penzias, Amo Allan
1502 Weinberg, Steven
1502 Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich
1504 Sagan, Carl
1505 Temin, Howard Martin
1506 Wilson, Robert Woodrow
1507 Ting, Samuel C. C.
1508 Baltimore, David
1509 Josephson, Brian David
1510 Hawking, Stephen William

References edit

  1. ^ "Anaximander" in Chambers's Encyclopædia. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 403.
  2. ^ Lindberg, David C. “The Greeks and the Cosmos.” The Beginnings of Western Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 28.
  3. ^ Graham, Daniel W. "Anaximenes". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  4. ^ "Xenophanes". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  5. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Heraclitus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 309–310.
  6. ^ Aristotle with W. D. Ross, ed., The Works of Aristotle ... (Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1931), vol. III, Meteorologica, E. W. Webster, trans., Book 1, Part 8, pp. 39–40 Archived April 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine : "(2) Anaxagoras, Democritus, and their schools say that the milky way is the light of certain stars."
  7. ^ "The most likely date for Philolaus' birth would then appear to be around 470, although he could have been born as early as 480 or as late as 440. He appears to have lived into the 380s and at the very least until 399." Carl A. Huffman, (1993) Philolaus of Croton: Pythagorean and Presocratic, pages 5–6. Cambridge University Press
  8. ^ Barnes (1987).
  9. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Socrates" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  10. ^ "Hippocrates". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation. 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-10-29.
  11. ^ "...the subject of philosophy, as it is often conceived—a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical, political, metaphysical, and epistemological issues, armed with a distinctive method—can be called his invention" (Kraut, Richard (11 September 2013). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "Plato". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Retrieved 3 April 2014.)
  12. ^ Acott, Chris (1999). "The diving "Law-ers": A brief resume of their lives". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 29 (1). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  13. ^ During Newton's lifetime, two calendars were in use in Europe: the Julian ("Old Style") calendar in protestant and Orthodox regions, including Britain; and the Gregorian ("New Style") calendar in Roman Catholic Europe. At Newton's birth, Gregorian dates were ten days ahead of Julian dates: thus his birth is recorded as taking place on 25 December 1642 Old Style, but can be converted to a New Style (modern) date of 4 January 1643. By the time of his death, the difference between the calendars had increased to eleven days: moreover, he died in the period after the start of the New Style year on 1 January, but before that of the Old Style new year on 25 March. His death occurred on 20 March 1726 according to the Old Style calendar, but the year is usually adjusted to 1727. A full conversion to New Style gives the date 31 March 1727. See Thony, Christie (2015) Calendrical confusion or just when did Newton die?, The Renaissance Mathematicus, retrieved 20 March 2015 from https://thonyc.wordpress.com/2015/03/20/calendrical-confusion-or-just-when-did-newton-die/
  14. ^ sächsische Biografie (in German)
  15. ^ Hoskin, M. (ed.) (2003) Caroline Herschel's autobiographies, Science History Publications Cambridge, p. 13, ISBN 0905193067.