Aurelio Palmieri (4 May 1870, in Savona – 18 October 1926, in Rome^[1]) was an Italian priest and scholar. He joined the Augustinians by 1885 but was later laicized. His main focus was theology, history of Christianity, Byzantine studies and eastern Christianity.^[1][2] Palmieri worked for some years at the Congress Library and from 1922 until his death was the director of the Slavonic section of the Institute for Oriental Europe in Italy.^[2] He wrote 15 books and hundreds of articles,^[1] and also translated literary works of Russian and polish authors.^[2] His most significant works are the Russian Church (La chiesa russa, le sue odierne condizioni e il riformismo dottrinal) and Dogmatic Orthodox Theology (Theologia dogmatica ortodoxa (Ecclesiae graeco-russicae) ad lumen Catholicae doctrinae examinata et discussa).^[2]