Ba (Mongolic)

Summary

Ba is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language edit

Ba
 
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
a
e
i
o
u
ö
ü
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
n
ng
b
(p)
q/k
γ/g
m
l
s
š
t
d
č
ǰ
y
r
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: (12), 17, 22 [3]: 546 [4]: 212–213 
b Transliteration[note 1]
ᠪ‍ Initial
‍ᠪ‍ Medial (syllable-initial)
Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠪ Final
C-V syllables[6]: 16 
ba, be bi bo, bu , Transliteration
ᠪᠠ[a] ᠪᠢ[b] ᠪᠣ ᠪᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠪᠠ‍ ᠪᠢ‍ ᠪᠣ‍ ᠪᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠪᠠ‍ ‍ᠪᠢ‍ ‍ᠪᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠪᠠ ‍ᠪᠢ ‍ᠪᠣ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
‑ban, ‑ben ‑bar, ‑ber Transliteration
 ᠪᠠᠨ  ᠪᠠᠷ Whole
  • Transcribes Chakhar /b/;[10][11] Khalkha /p/, /w/, and //.[12]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter б.[6][5]
  • For Classical Mongolian, Latin v is used only for transcribing foreign words, so most в (v) in Mongolian Cyrillic correspond to б (b) in Classical Mongolian.[citation needed]
  • Derived from Old Uyghur pe (𐽼).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [13]: 111, 115 [14]: 35 
  • Produced with B using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, b comes after ng and before p.

Clear Script edit

Xibe language edit

Manchu language edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ As in ᠪᠠ ba (ба ba) 'and'.[8]: 64 [2]: 22 
  2. ^ As in ᠪᠢ bi (би bi) 'I'.[8]: 101 [2]: 22 
  1. ^ Scholarly transliteration.[5]
  2. ^ Separated suffixes starting with the letter b include:  ᠪᠠᠨ ‑ban/‑ben (reflexive), and  ᠪᠠᠷ ‑bar/‑ber (instrumental).[9]

References edit

  1. ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. ^ a b c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. ^ a b Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. ^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  5. ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  6. ^ a b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  7. ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  8. ^ a b Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[7]
  9. ^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  10. ^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  12. ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  13. ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  14. ^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  15. ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.