Summary
Baarin (Mongolian ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ Baγarin, Chinese 巴林 Bālín) is a dialect of Mongolian spoken mainly in Inner Mongolia.
Location and classification edit
Baarin is spoken in the Baarin Right Banner, Baarin Left Banner, Ar Khorchin Banner and Ongniud Banner of Ulanhad and in the Jirin Banner of Tongliao in Inner Mongolia.[1] It has been grouped together with Khorchin and Kharchin[2] or as an intermediate variant between these two on the one hand and Chakhar, Khalkha and Ordos on the other hand.[3] On the other hand, it is part of Southern Mongolian as far as its Standard language is concerned and has therefore been grouped into such a variety as well.[4]
Phonology edit
Baarin has the short vowel phonemes /ɑ, ə, i, ɔ, ʊ, o, u, ɛ, œ, ʏ, y/ and the corresponding long vowels.[5] The consonant phonemes are /m, n, ŋ, p, pʰ, t, tʰ, tʃ, tʃʰ, x, k, s, ʃ, l, j, r, w/.[6] That is, as in Khalkha and Khorchin, the basic phonation contrast in plosives and affricates is based on aspiration, not on voicedness. This even includes /k/. In contrast to Khalkha and akin to Khorchin, palatalized consonants have already lost their phoneme status and conveyed it to the new vowel phonemes /ɛ, œ, ʏ, y/.
Morphology edit
The accusative takes the form /i/, e.g. /xəli/ 'language-Acc'.[7] The genitive, on the other hand, tends to contain one /n/, but it is still based on /i/.[8] Due to this, homophony with the accusative can occur in a few cases, e.g. ternə (accusative and genitive of the distal demonstrative), but not əni (proximal accusative) vs. ənni (proximal genitive).[9] There is no allative and no cognate of the old sociative case, but an additional case in -tar < dotura 'inside' with fairly narrow meaning has been assumed.[10]
References edit
- ^ Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 293
- ^ Janhunen 2003
- ^ Luvsanvandan 1959
- ^ e.g. Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005
- ^ Bayarmendü 1997: 7
- ^ Bayarmendü 1997: 53-54
- ^ Bayarmendü 1997: 87-89
- ^ Bayarmendü 1997: 81-85
- ^ Bayarmendü 1997: 144; note that this article follows Svantesson et al. 2005: 22-25 in assuming that vowel length in any but the first syllable is non-phonemic as such vowels only contrast with non-phonemic vowels inserted to avoid prohibited consonant sequencies.
- ^ Bayarmendü 1997: 94-95
Bibliography edit
- Bayarmendü, Borǰigin (1997): Baγarin aman ayalγun-u sudulul. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a.
- Janhunen, Juha (2003): Mongol dialects. In: Juha Janhunen (ed.): The Mongolic languages. London: Routledge: 177–191.
- Luvsanvandan, Š. (1959): Mongol hel ajalguuny učir. In: Mongolyn sudlal 1.
- Sečenbaγatur et al. (2005): Mongγul kelen-ü nutuγ-un ayalγun-u sinǰilel-ün uduridqal. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a.
- Svantesson, Jan-Olof, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlsson, Vivan Franzén (2005): The Phonology of Mongolian. New York: Oxford University Press.