Summary
Barzan (Kurdish: بارزان, romanized: Barzan[1][2]) is a Kurdish village located on the Northern shores of the Great Zab River in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Barzan
بارزان | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Barzani Memorial Center | |
  Barzan | |
| Coordinates: 36°54′54″N 44°2′31″E / 36.91500°N 44.04194°E | |
| Country |  Iraq |
| Autonomous region | Kurdistan Region |
| Governorate | Erbil Governorate |
| District | Mergasor District |
History edit
The village was formerly the territory of Zêbarî tribe and was part of Badînan under the name Baziran. In the 19th century, the village was the residence of a Naqshbandi Sheikh and his followers, now known as the Barzanî tribe.[3]
In 1914, Barzan was the site of a Russian-supported Kurdish uprising led by Ebduselam Barzanî against the Ottoman Empire, which was fought concurrently with the Bitlis uprising.[4]
In 1920, under the leadership of Petros Elia, Assyrians stormed Barzan, and burned and looted the village.[5]
The tribe was nominally autonomous from the Ottoman Empire until 1915 when the Ottomans stormed the village and hanged the local sheikh. In the early 20th century, the village had a conflict with the neighboring Bradost tribe which necessitated intervention from Iraqi authorities.
In 1943, local Mustefa Barzanî revolted and quickly gathered support against Iraq; this would develop into the 1943 Barzani revolt.[3]
Climate edit
Barzan has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. It is one of the rainiest cities in Iraq. Winter nights average below freezing most of the time, providing frost in the city. Snow occasionally occurs.
| Climate data for Barzan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
34.5 (94.1) |
38.7 (101.7) |
38.8 (101.8) |
34.8 (94.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) |
5.5 (41.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
26.9 (80.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
26.6 (79.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
4.2 (39.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
11.0 (51.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 151 (5.9) |
172 (6.8) |
150 (5.9) |
114 (4.5) |
37 (1.5) |
1 (0.0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.0) |
19 (0.7) |
88 (3.5) |
106 (4.2) |
839 (33) |
| Source: Climate-Data[6] | |||||||||||||
References edit
- ^ "Gelo Rêbaza Barzanî tê çi wate ye?". Navkurd (in Kurdish). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ^ "فێستیڤاڵی کولتووری ناوچەی بارزان". Rûdaw (in Kurdish). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ^ a b Mackenzie, D.N. (1965). "Bārzān". Encyclopedia of Islam (2 ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1250.
- ^ Henning, Barbara (2018-04-03). Narratives of the History of the Ottoman-Kurdish Bedirhani Family in Imperial and Post-Imperial Contexts: Continuities and Changes. University of Bamberg Press. pp. 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327. ISBN 9783863095512.
- ^ Wigram, William Ainger; Wigram, Sir Edgar Thomas Ainger (1922). The Cradle of Mankind: Life in Eastern Kurdistan. A. & C. Black, Limited. pp. 403–407.
- ^ "Climate statistics for Barzan". Climate Data. Retrieved 21 January 2017.