Summary
| Battle of Chateauneuf | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Franco-Prussian War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 French Republic |
 Baden[2] | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Camille Crémer[5] |
 General Keller[6] | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 8,000 soldiers , 8-10 artillery pieces[5] | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | 153 casualties[2] | ||||||
The Battle of Châteauneuf[7] was a battle in the Franco-Prussian War[8] that took place on December 3, 1870, at the Châteauneuf-sur-Loire, Loire, France.[4] During this engagement, the 3rd Infantry Brigade of the Prussian army, which was a part of the Baden Division and was under the command of General Keller repelled an ambush of the French army under the command of General Camille Crémer.[2][9] The battle facilitated the Prussian army to continue its withdrawal from Autun.[4] The battle lasted for seven hours, and brought the Prussian army negligible losses, with 153 casualties.[2] However, the Germans viewed this engagement as one of their most glorious victories of the campaign.[4]
Background edit
During November 26–27, 1870, Giuseppe Garibaldi commanded the Army of the Vosges, which was a guerrilla force volunteer army of France that was then preventing the advances of the German army in Dijon. Although initially successful, Garibaldi's army was eventually crushed by the German Infantry under General August von Werder, and pushed back to Autun.[10][11] After the victory of the German army at Dijon General Keller's brigade - consisting of troops from Baden - was ordered to launch an attack on Autun in order to probe the base of operations of the Army of the Vosges, their resources, as well as their connection to the French rulers. On December 1, 1870, Keller's army marched to Autun and defeated the enemy detachments.[9] 23 French soldiers were taken prisoner by the Germans.[5] The next day on December 2, 1870, while the Germans were preparing to launch an attack,[9] Garibaldi prepared an escape retreat from his base. At that moment however, Werder urgently ordered the retreat of his corps to Dijon. New French forces had appeared in the Saône valley where a German detachment at Nuits St. Georges was "handled", which probably pressured Werder to issue the retreat order. With the retreat of the German Corps to Dijon, Garibaldi was able to breathe a sigh of relief.[8]
The Battle edit
General Crémer, having heard from Garibaldi and hastily dragging his division to Bligny sur Ouche, suddenly seized the slopes of the Chateauneuf, and sent his troops to les Bordes. His force consisted of 7 battalions, several detachments of the Freedom Corps, an Armstrong battery and several mountain guns. In total, he had 8,000 soldiers and 8-10 cannons.[5] With an ambush position,[8] they began their attack at 9 a.m. on December 3[5] from the Châteauneuf. The French opened fire fiercely on Keller's brigade and the entire brigade was in danger of being annihilated.[5] However, General Keller's brigade quickly deployed. After a successful bombardment, German battalions fiercely attacked the slopes. Many of the men crawled uphill on their hands and knees.[5] The first battalion of the German 5th Infantry Regiment is noted for its bravery in this engagement.[2] Despite their favorable position, the French were held off.[5] As a result, by December 4, Keller's Germans were safely back in Dijon.[2]
References edit
- ^ France. Gouvernement de la défense nationale (1870-1871), Actes du Gouvernement de la défense nationale, du 4 septembre 1870 au 8 février 1871: rapports de la Commission et des Sous-commissions, télégrammes, pièces diverses, dépositions des témoins, pièces justificatives, tables analytique générale et nominative, Volume 3, Page 244
- ^ a b c d e f The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year..., Volume 10, Page 363
- ^ Émile Bourgeois, History of modern France, 1815-1913, Volume 2, Page 195
- ^ a b c d Edmund Ollier, Cassell's history of the war between France and Germany, 1870-1871, Pages 68-69
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Campaign of 1870-1: The Operations of the Corps of General V. Werder, Page 73
- ^ Julius von Pflugk-Harttung, Wilfred James Long, Adolf Sonnenschein, The Franco-German war, 1870-1871, Page 494
- ^ Theodor Fontane, Der Krieg gegen Frankreich, 1870-1871: Der Krieg gegen die Republik, Page 717
- ^ a b c Michael Howard, The Franco-Prussian War: the German invasion of France, 1870-1871. Page 410
- ^ a b c "The Franco-German War of 1870—71" (Helmuth von Moltke)
- ^ Tony Jaques, Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E, trang 302
- ^ Adam Zamoyski, Holy madness: romantics, patriots, and revolutionaries, 1776-1871, Page 433