Fleet of the Holy League¹
edit
The combined Christian fleet was placed under the command of John of Austria (Don Juan de Austria ) with Marcantonio Colonna as his principal deputy.
Left Wing
edit
Commanded by Agostino Barbarigo (53 galleys , 2 galleasses )
Agostino Barbarigo
Venetian Galleasses (2)
Galleass of Ambrogio Bragadin
Galleass of Antonio Bragadin
Venetian Galleys (39)
Capitana Lanterna (flagship lantern ) of Venice (L) – Agostino Barbarigo †, provveditore generale
Capitana (flagship) of Venice (L) – Marco Querini, provveditore of the Fleet
Fortuna (Fortune ) of Venice – Andrea Barbarigo †
Tre Mani (Three Hands ) of Venice – Giorgio Barbarigo
Due Delfini (Two Dolphins ) of Candia – Francesco Zen
Leone e Fenice (Lion & Phoenix ) of Candia – Francesco Mengano
Madonna (Milady ) of Candia – Filippo Polani
Cavallo Marino (Seahorse ) of Candia – Antonio De Cavalli
Due Leoni (Two Lions ) of Candia – Nicolò Fradello
Leone (Lion ) of Candia – Francesco Bonvecchio
Cristo (Christ ) of Candia I – Andrea Corner
Angelo (Angel ) of Candia – Giovanni Angelo
Piramide (Pyramid ) of Candia – Francesco Bono †
Cristo Risorto (Risen Christ ) of Venice I – Simon Guoro
Cristo Risorto (Risen Christ ) of Venice II – Federico Renier
Cristo (Christ ) of Corfu – Cristoforo Condocolli
Cristo Risorto (Risen Christ ) of Candia I – Francesco Zancaruol
Cristo (Christ ) of Venice I – Bartolomeo Donato
Cristo (Christ ) of Candia II – Giovanni Corner
Christo Risordo (Risen Christ ) of Candia II
Rodi (Rhodes ) of Candia – Francesco Molini (Konstam gives Kodus )
Sant'Eufemia (St. Euphemia ) of Brescia – Orazio Fisogni
Bravo (Skillful ) of Candia – Michele Viramano (Konstam gives Blessed )
Cavallo Marino (Seahorse ) of Venice
Cristo (Christ ) of Candia III – Danielo Calefatti
Braccio (Arm ) of Venice – Nicolò Lippomano (Konstam gives "of Candia")
Nostra Signora (Our Lady ) of Zante – Nicolò Mondini
Christo Risordo (Risen Christ ) of Candia III – Giorgio Calergi
Nostra Signora (Our Lady ) of Venice I – Marcantonio Pisani
Dio Padre e Santa Trinità (God, Father & Holy Trinity ) of Venice – Giovanni Marino Contarini †
Cristo Risorto (Risen Christ ) of Venice III – Giovanni Battista Querini
Angelo (Angel ) of Venice – Onfre Giustiniani
Santa Dorotea (St. Dorothy ) of Venice – Polo Nani
Ketianana of Retimo – Nicolò Avonal
Lion's Head of Istria
Croce (Cross ) of Cefalonia – Marco Cimera
Vergine Santa (Virgin Saint ) of Cefalonia – Cristoforo Criffa
Cristo Risorto (Risen Christ ) of Veglia – Lodovico Cicuta (Konstam gives "of Vegia")
San Nicolò (St. Nicholas ) of Cherso – Colane Drascio
Some sources include:
Dama a cavallo (Lady on Horseback ) of Candia – Antonio Eudomeniani
Leone (Lion ) of Capodistria – Domenico Del Taco
Spanish Galleys (12)
Lomellina of Naples – Agostino Cancuale (Konstam gives "of Spain")
Fiamma (Flame ) of Naples – Juan de las Cuevas
San Giovanni (St. John ) of Naples – Garcia de Vergara
Invidia (Envy ) of Naples – Teribio de Accaves
Brava (Skillful ) of Naples – Miguel Quesada (Konstam gives Blessed )
San Jacopo (St. James ) of Naples – Moferat Guardiola
San Nicola (St. Nicholas ) of Naples – Cristobal de Mongiu (Konstam gives San Nicolò )
Vittoria (Victory ) of Naples – Occava of Rocadi
Fortuna (Fortune ) of Gio Andrea Doria – Giovanni Alvigi Belvi (Konstam gives "of St. Andrew")
3 other unnamed galleys, given by some sources as:
Sagittaria (Archer ) of Naples – Martino Pirola
Idra (Hydra ) of Naples – Luigi Pasqualigo
Santa Lucia (St. Lucy ) of Naples – Francesco Bono
Papal Galley (1)
Regina (Queen ) – Fabio Valicati (Konstam gives Reign )
Genoese Galley (1)
Center Division
edit
John of Austria
Commanded by Don John of Austria (62 galleys, 2 galleasses)
Venetian Galleasses (2)
Galleass of Jacopo Guoro
Galleass of Francesco Duodo
Spanish Galleys (15)
Real (royal flagship) – Don John of Austria , admiral of the navy
Capitana (flagship) of Castille – Lluís de Requesens
Capitana (flagship) of Savoy – Andrea Provana of Leinì (Konstam gives Prince of Urbino, admiral of Savoy)
Patrona Real (royal squadron flagship) (Spain) – Juan Bautista Cortés or Luis de Requesens
Capitana (flagship) of Bandinelli (Naples) – Bandinelli Sauli (Konstam gives Bandinella & Bendinelli)
Capitana (flagship) of Grimaldi (Naples) – Giorgio Grimaldi
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Spain – Francesc de Benavides (Konstam gives Bonavides)
Roccaful of Spain – Roccaful (Konstam gives Fortress )
San Francisco (St. Francis) of Spain
Granada of Spain – Paolo Bottino (Konstam gives Granata)
Figiera of Spain – Diego Lopez de Ilianos
Luna (Moon ) of Spain – Manuel de Aguilar
Fortuna (Fortune ) of Naples
Mendoza of Naples – Álvaro de Bazán (Konstam gives Mendozza)
San Giorgio (St. George ) of Naples – Eugenio de Vargas
Another unnamed galley, given by some sources as:
Piramide con cane (Pyramid & Dog ) of Spain (?) – Marcantonio Uliana
Sebastiano Venier
Venetian Galleys (29)
Capitana (flagship) of Venice (L) – Sebastiano Venier , Captain-General of the Sea
Capitana (flagship) of Lomellini – Paolo Orsini
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Lomellini – Pier Battista Lomellini
Capitana (flagship) of Mari – Giorgio d'Asti
San Giovanni (St. John ) of Venice I – Pietro Badoaro
Tronco (Trunk ) of Venice – Girolamo Canale
Mongibello (Mt. Gibel ) of Venice – Bertucci Contarini
Vergine (Virgin ) of Candia
Nostra Signora (Our Lady ) of Venice II – Giovanni Zeni
Cristo (Christ ) of Venice II – Girolamo Contarini
Ruota con Serpente (Wheel & Serpent ) – Gabrio da Canale
Piramide (Pyramid ) of Venice
Palma (Palm ) of Venice – Girolamo Venier †
San Teodoro (St. Theodore ) of Venice – Teodoro Balbi
Montagna (Mountain ) of Candia – Alessandro Vizzamano
San Giovanni Battista (St. John the Baptist ) of Venice – Giovanni Mocenigo
Cristo (Christ ) of Venice III – Giorgio Pisani
San Giovanni (St. John ) of Venice II – Daniele Moro
Passaro (Sparrow ) of Venice – Nicolò Tiepolo
Leone (Lion ) of Venice – Pietro Pisani
San Girolamo (St. Jerome ) of Venice – Gasparo Malipiero
Giuditta (Judith ) of Zante – Marino Sicuro
San Cristoforo (St. Christopher ) of Venice – Alessandro Contarini
Armellino (Ermine ) of Candia – Marco Quirini (Konstam gives Armelino )
Mezza Luna (Half Moon ) of Venice – Valerio Valleresso
Uomo di Mare (Man of the Sea ) of Vicenza – Jacopo Draffano
Sant'Alessandro (St. Alexander ) of Bergamo – Giovanni Antonio Colleoni
San Girolamo (St. Jerome ) of Hvar – Giovanni Balsi
Another unnamed Venetian galley
Genoese Galleys (8)
Capitana (flagship) of Genoa (L) – Ettore Spinola †
Capitana (flagship) of Gil d'Andrada (L) – Bernardo Cinoguera
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Genoa (L) – Pellerano
Padrona Imperiale (squadron flagship) of Davide Imperiali (Sicily) – Nicolò da Luvano
Perla (Pearl ) of Gio Andrea Doria – Giovanni Battista Spinola
Temperanza (Temperance ) of Gio Andrea Doria – Cipriano De Mari
Vittoria (Victory ) of Gio Andrea Doria – Filippo Doria
Doria of Gio Andrea Doria – Jacopo of Casale (Konstam gives Piramide , Pyramid)
Papal Galleys (6) (including Tuscan contingent)
Capitana (flagship) of His Holiness – Marcantonio Colonna , flagship of the papal contingent
Toscana (Tuscany ) of Tuscany – Metello Caracciolo
Pisana (Pisa ) of Tuscany – Ercole Lotta
Firenze (Florence ) of Tuscany – Tommaso De' Medici
Pace (Peace ) of His Holiness – Jacopo Antonio Perpignano
Vittoria (Victoria ) of His Holiness – Baccio of Pisa
Some sources also include
Grifona (Gryphon ) of His Holiness – Alessandro Negrone
Galleys of the Knights of Malta (3)
Capitana (flagship) of Malta – Pietro Giustiniani, prior of Messina ; flagship of the Maltese contingent (Konstam gives "Justin, the Prior of Messina")
San Pietro (St. Peter ) – Roquelare St.-Aubin (Konstam gives The Order of St. Peter )
San Giovanni (St. John ) – Alonso de Texada (Konstam gives The Order of St. John )
Right Wing
edit
Giovanni Andrea Doria
Commanded by Giovanni Andrea Doria (53 galleys, 2 galleasses)
Venetian Galleasses (2)
Galleass of Andrea da Cesare
Galleass of Pietro Pisani
Genoese Galleys (16)
Capitana (flagship) of Giovanni Andrea Doria – Giovanni Andrea Doria
Capitana (flagship) of Negroni – Gio Ambrogio Negroni
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Grimaldi – Lorenzo Treccia (Konstam gives "Trecha")
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Nicolò Doria – Giulio Centurione (Konstam gives "of Andrea Doria")
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Negroni – Luigi Gamba
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Lomellini – Giorgio Greco
Swordsman of Rethymno /Retimo
San Vittorio (St. Victor) of Crema
Furia (Fury ) of Lomellini – Jacopo Chiappe
Negrona (Negress ) of Negroni – Nicolo da Costa
Bastarda (Bastard ) of Negroni – Lorenzo da Torre
San Tritone of Cataro
Monarca (Monarch ) of Gio Andrea Doria – Nicolò Garibaldo
Donzella (Maid ) of Gio Andrea Doria – Nicolò Imperiale
Diana of Genoa – Giovanni Giorgio Lasagna
Another unnamed Genoese galley, given by some sources as
Other sources include
Capitana (flagship) of Nicolò Doria – Pandolfo Polidoro
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Mari – Antonio Corniglia
Spanish Galleys (10)
Sicilia (Sicily ) – Francesco Amodei
Piemontese (Savoyard ) – Ottavio Moretto †
Margherita (Margaret ) – Battaglino
Cingana – Gabriel de Medina
Luna (Moon ) – Julio Rubio
Speranza (Hope ) – Pedro de Busto
Gusmana – Francesco de Osedo
3 other unnamed galleys, given by some sources as
Fortuna (Fortuna ) – Diego de Medrano
Determinada (Determined ) – Juan de Angustina Carasa
Turca (Turk ) – Simone Goto
Venetian Galleys (25)
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Mari (Parini) – Antonio Corriglia
Forza (Force ) of Venice – Rinieri Zeni
Regina (Queen ) of Candia – Giovanni Barbarigo (Konstam gives Rema )
Nino (Boy ) of Venice – Paulo Polani
Cristo Risorto (Risen Christ ) of Venice IV – Benedetto Soranzo
Palma (Palm ) of Candia – Jacopo di Mezzo †
Angelo (Angel ) of Corfu – Stelio Carchiopulo
Nave (Ship ) of Venice – Antonio Pasqualigo
Nostra Signora (Our Lady ) of Candia – Marco Foscarini
Cristo (Our Lady ) of Candia IV – Francesco Cornero
Fuoco (Flame ) of Candia – Antonio Boni
Aquila (Eagle ) of Candia – Girolamo Zorzi
San Cristoforo (St. Christopher ) of Venice – Andrea Tron
Cristo (Christ ) of Venice IV – Marcantonio Lando †
Speranza (Hope ) of Candia – Girolamo Cornaro †
San Giuseppe (St. Joseph ) of Venice – Nicolò Donato
Torre (Tower ) of Vicenza – Lodovico da Porto
Aquila (Eagle ) of Corfu – Pietro Bua †
Aquila (Eagle ) of Retimo – Pietro Pisano
San Giovanni (St. John ) of Arbe – Giovanni de Dominis
La Donna (The Lady ) of Friuli /Traù – Luigi Cipoco
Re Attila (King Attila ) of Padua – Pataro Buzzacarini (Konstam gives Reality )
3 other unnamed galleys, given by some sources as
Uomo Armato (Armed Man ) of Retimo – Andrea Calergi, signore of Candia
San Vittorio (St. Victor ) of Crema – Evangelista Zurla
San Trifone (St. Tryphon ) of Cattaro /Kotor – Girolamo Bisante or Bizanti
Papal Galleys (2)
Santa Maria (St. Mary ) of His Holiness – Pandolfo Strozzi
San Giovanni (St. John ) of His Holiness – Angelo (or Antonio) Bifali
Rearguard
edit
Álvaro de Bazán
Commanded by Don Álvaro de Bazán (38 galleys, including 8 galleys of the Advance Guard)
Spanish Galleys (13)
Lupa (Wolf ) (flagship) – Don Alvaro de Bazan , Marchese of Santa Cruz
Capitana (flagship) of Vasquez (Spain) – Juan Vasquez de Coronado
San Giovanni (St. John ) of Sicily – David Imperiale
Gru (Crane ) of Spain – Luis Heredia
Leona (Lioness ) of Spain (Konstam gives Leona )
Costanza of Naples – Pietro Delagia
Marchesa (Marquise ) of Spain – Juan de Machado †
Santa Barbara (St. Barbara ) of Naples – Giovanni de Ascale
Sant'Andrea (St. Andrew ) of Naples
Santa Caterina (St. Catherine ) of Naples – Juan Rufis de Velasco
Sant'Angelo of Naples
Terana of Naples – Giovanni de Riva of Neillino
Another unnamed Spanish or Neapolitan galley, given by some sources as
Ocasión (Occasion ) of Spain – Pere de Roig
Venetian Galleys (12)
Cristo (Christ ) of Venice V – Marco da Molino
Due Mani (Two Hands ) of Venice – Giovanni Loredano †
Fede (Faith ) of Venice – Giovanni Battista Contarini
Pilastro (Pillar ) of Venice – Caterino Malipiero
Maddalena (Magdalene ) of Venice – Alvigi Balbe
Signora (Lady ) of Venice – Giovanni Bembo
Mondo (World ) of Venice – Filippo Leoni
Speranza (Hope ) of Cipro – Giovanni Battista Benedetti † (Konstam gives "of Venice")
San Pietro (St. Peter ) – Marco Fiumaco
Sibilla (Sibyl ) of Venice – Danielo Troni
San Giorgio (St. George ) of Sebenico – Cristoforo Lucio
San Michele (St. Michael ) – Giorgio Cochini
Papal Galleys (3)
Padrona (squadron flagship) of His Holiness – Alfonso d'Appiano
Suprema (Supremacy ) – Antonio da Ascoli
Serena (Serenity )
Genoese Galleys (2)
Baccana – Giovanni Pietro de Morilo
Another unnamed Genoese galley, given by some sources as
San Bartolomeo (St. Bartholomew )
Vanguard
edit
Commanded by Joan de Cardona (8 galleys attached to the Reserve force)
Capitana (flagship) of Sicilia – Joan Antoni de Cardona
Padrona (squadron flagship) of Sicily
San Giovanni (St. John ) of Sicily – Davide Imperiale
San Ionica of Sicily
Santa Maddalena (St. Magdalene ) of Venice – Marino Contarini
Sole (Sun ) of Venice – Vincenzo Quirini †
Santa Caterina (St. Catherine ) of Venice – Marco Cicogna
Nostra Donna (Our Lady ) of Venice – Pier Francesco Malipiero (Konstam gives "Our Woman")
Ottoman Fleet²
edit
Notes on ship nomenclature
edit
1. Several vessels among the fleet of the Holy League bore the same name. Whilst this is not unheard of among ships belonging to different nationalities, some of the said ships belong to the same nation. These did not seem to be of great importance to Christian commanders at that time. In order to avoid confusion, those vessels bearing the same name were suffixed with ordinal number according to nationality (i.e. Christ of Candia I, Christ of Candia II; Christ of Venice I, Christ of Venice II, etc.).
2. In contrast to their Western contemporaries, Turkish records only show the names of commanders of the ships instead of the names of the ship themselves.
3. In Italian use, various flagships were called by the rank of their commander. A reale ("royal") was personally commanded by a king or his agent ; a capitana ("captainess") by a captain general ; a padrona ("master") by a padrone .
References
edit
Braudel, Fernand (1972–73). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (Volume 1) . trans. Siân Reynolds. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-211536-0 .
Braudel, Fernand (1972–73). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (Volume 2) . trans. Siân Reynolds. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-211540-9 .
Konstam, Angus (2003). Lepanto 1571: The Greatest Naval Battle of the Renaissance . illus. Tony Bryan. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 1-84176-409-4 .
Marx, Robert F. (1966). The Battle of Lepanto, 1571 . Cleveland: World Pub.