Summary
Bernardo Clavijo del Castillo (1545 – February 1, 1626) was a Spanish composer, organist, harpsichordist, and teacher.
He served as master of chapel and organist to Philip III of Spain[1][2] as well as the organist at the Royal Chapel in Madrid.[3][4]
His Tiento de 2° Tono por Jesolreut is the earliest known example of a tiento de falsas.[5]
Personal life edit
Little is known about Clavijo's early life, though through the accounts of acquaintances and his early education choices, it's believed that he is from the far north of Spain.[1]
He married María Carrión on December 12, 1594[6] and they had three children together: Antonio (b. 1595, an organist), Bernardina (b. 1598; a composer and performer), and Francisco (b. 1605; a composer and organist).[6] After the death of his first wife, he remarried on August 3, 1618, to Ana del Valle [1][4] and they had a daughter, Ana Maria.[6]
He died on February 1, 1626, in Madrid.[7]
Career edit
After having followed the Spanish military to Italy, he became employed as a musician at the R. Chiesa di San Pietro at Palermo c. December 6, 1569.[1]
c. 1588 he worked as an organist in the service of the Duke of Alba[3] at the vice-royal court at Naples.[7]
He attended the University of Oñati from 1588 to 1595,[1] where he received both Bachelor and Master's degrees,[4] and while doing so was the organist at the Palencia Cathedral from 1589 to 1592.[3]
On April 3, 1593, he was hired as the chair of music at the University of Salamanca, considered one of the most prestigious positions in Spain during the late Renaissance.[4][8] By January 10, 1603, he had vacated his position in Salamanca[1] and began his time as Philip III of Spain's master of chapel and organist, in Valladolid when it was the capitol and then in Madrid, succeeding both his brother Diego del Castillo (d. May 11, 1601)[1][2] as well as Hernando de Cabezón.[3][4] In 1619 he would go on to be the organist of the Royal Chapel in Madrid.[3][4] His son, Francisco Clavijo del Castillo, would go on to inherit the position from his father after having served as his assistant.[4][6]
Works edit
In Rome in 1588, he published a book of 19 motets, "suitable for instruments as well as voices"; 6 each a 4-, a 5-, a 6-, and one an 8-part motet.[3]
A fire in Royal Palace of Madrid destroyed a collection of his works in 1731,[4] but the aforementioned book of motets and his Organ Tiento (Tiento de 2° Tono por Jesolreut) from El Escorial, survives. This tiento is the earliest known example of a tiento de falsas,[5] a model consisting of a section of imitation followed by a section of counterpoint.
External links edit
Free scores by Clavijo del Castillo at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g Stevenson, Robert (1961). Spanish Cathedral Music in the Golden Age. University of California Press. p. 307.
- ^ a b Brewster Hoag, Barbara (1980). The Performance Practice of Iberian Keyboard Music of the Seventeenth Century.
- ^ a b c d e f "Bernardo Clavijo del Castillo | enciclopèdia.cat". www.enciclopedia.cat. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Bernardo Clavijo del Castillo | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
- ^ a b Stevlingson, Norma (December 1974). "The Stylistic Development of the Tiento on the Iberian Peninsula from Cabezón to Cabanilles, A Lecture Recital, Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of C. Franck, J. Alain, J. S. Bach, M. Reger, F. Liszt, W. A. Mozart and Others". UNT Digital Library. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
- ^ a b c d Cruz Rodríguez, J. (2018). EL MAESTRO BERNARDO CLAVIJO DEL CASTILLO (†1626): NUEVAS APORTACIONES SOBRE SU ETAPA SALMANTINA. Revista De Musicología, 41(2), 429-458. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/26554761
- ^ a b Apel, Willi (1962-07-01). "Spanish Organ Music of the Early 17th Century". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 15 (2): 174–181. doi:10.2307/829640. ISSN 0003-0139. JSTOR 829640.
- ^ Arias, E. A. (1971). The Masses of Sebastian de Vivanco (circa 1550–1622): A Study of Polyphonic Settings of the Ordinary in Late Renaissance Spain Vol I and II. United States: Northwestern University.