Robert Andrew Peterson (June 16, 1884 – November 27, 1962) was a utility player in Major League Baseball, playing mainly as a catcher for the Boston Americans from 1906 through 1907. Listed at 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m), 160lb., Peterson batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

In a two-season career, Peterson was a .191 hitter (25-for-131) with two home runs and nine RBI in 43 games, including 11 runs, one double, one triple, and one stolen base. He made 40 appearances as a catcher (34), second baseman (3), first baseman (2) and left fielder (1).

Peterson died in Evesham Township, New Jersey on November 27, 1962(1962-11-27) (aged 78)