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British Rail Class 465

Summary

The British Rail Class 465 Networker is a class of 147 electric multiple units built by Metro-Cammell, British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL) and ABB Rail between 1991 and 1994. Originally operated by Network South East,[5] these units are now run by Southeastern.

British Rail Class 465
Networker
Southeastern (Govia) Class 465 at Grove Park
The refreshed saloon of a Class 465
In service1 December 1992 – present
Manufacturer
Built at
Family nameNetworker
Replaced
Constructed1991–1994
Refurbished
  • 2005 (465/2 conversion to /9)
  • 2010–2012
  • 2016
Number built147
Number in service121
SuccessorClass 707
Formation
  • 4 cars per 465/0, /1, /2 unit:
    DMSO(A)-TSO-TSOL-DMSO(B)[1]
  • 4 cars per 465/9 unit:
    DMCO(A)-TSO-TSOL-DMCO(B)
Capacity
  • 465/0: 334 seats
  • 465/1: 334 seats
  • 465/2: 331 seats
  • 465/9: 319 seats[2]
Owners
Operators
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminium
Car length
  • DM vehs.: 20.89 m (68 ft 6 in)
  • Trailers: 20.06 m (65 ft 10 in)[1]
Width2.81 m (9 ft 3 in)[1]
Height3.77 m (12 ft 4 in)
DoorsDouble-leaf sliding plug
(2 per side per car)
Maximum speed75 mph (121 km/h)[1]
Weight
  • DMSO vehs.: 39.2 t (38.6 long tons; 43.2 short tons)
  • TSO vehs.: 27.2 t (26.8 long tons; 30.0 short tons)
  • TSOL vehs.: 28.0 t (27.6 long tons; 30.9 short tons)[1]
Traction system
Traction motors
Power output2,240 kW (3,000 hp)
Acceleration0.98 m/s2 (3.2 ft/s2)[4]
Electric system(s)750 V DC third rail
Current collector(s)Contact shoe
UIC classificationBo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
Bogies
  • 465/0 & /1:
  • Powered: BREL P3
  • Unpowered: BREL T3
  • 465/2 and & /9:[1]
  • Powered: SRP BP58
  • Unpowered: SRP BT49
Braking system(s)Electro-pneumatic (disc) and rheostatic/regenerative[1]
Safety system(s)
Coupling systemTightlock[1]
Multiple workingWithin class, and with Class 466[3]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Background edit

 
Connex South Eastern Class 465 in Network SouthEast livery at Waterloo East in July 2003
 
Connex South Eastern Class 465 in Connex livery at Waterloo East in January 2003

The Network SouthEast sector of British Rail began the planning for the development of the Class 465 Networker in 1988, and invited a tender for 710 of the units to be built.[6] The Class 465 was introduced in order to replace the 41-year-old Class 415 (4EPB) slam-door EMUs.[7]

The first unit was delivered in December 1991, and the last unit in April 1995.[8][9] The units entered passenger service from 1 December 1992 with a ceremony at Cannon Street station, by Transport Secretary John MacGregor.[10] As part of the privatisation of British Rail, the 97 465/0s and 465/1s were sold to Eversholt Rail Group and the 50 Class 465/2s to Angel Trains.[4][1]

All trains were originally supplied in the Network SouthEast livery and branded as the "Kent Link Networker".[7] They have mostly used on suburban routes out of London Victoria, Charing Cross, Blackfriars, and Cannon Street to destinations in South London and Kent, and the first 20 Class 465/0s were repainted into the Connex South Eastern Yellow and Blue livery in 1998, the same livery as seen on the 16 Class 365s introduced in June 1997.[11]

Some are scheduled to be replaced by Class 707s,[12] with two hauled to Worksop for store by Harry Needle Railroad Company in June 2021.[13]

Two manufacturers edit

 
A Metro-Cammell unit (left) coupled cab-to-cab with a BREL unit (right). BREL-built units have air vents above some saloon windows; Metro-Cammell units do not.

Due to the size of the original order, British Rail approached two separate manufacturers to supply the new rolling stock. The first two sub-classes (designated 465/0 and 465/1) were built by BREL/ABB while the third sub-class (465/2) as well as the two-car (466) units were built by Metro-Cammell. Although built to the same specification and utilised interchangeably, there are subtle differences between the two fleets and they do not share common parts.[6] The maximum speed of the Class 465 is 75 mph (120 km/h),[3] and they are designed only for 750 V DC third rail operation. A Solid State Traction Converter package controls three-phase AC traction motors, which allows for rheostatic or regenerative dynamic braking.[3] Primary braking system is electro-pneumatically actuated disc brakes, which is blended with the Dynamic brakes.[3] Tachometers on every axle of the unit provide for Wheel Slip/Slide Protection.[3]

Traction equipment replacement edit

 
Class 465 (left) and Class 376 (right) at London Cannon Street in 2023

Plans were drawn up in 2007 to improve the reliability of the BREL and ABB units (Classes 465/0 and 465/1) by the installation of new traction equipment.[14] The new package was developed and manufactured by Hitachi Rail.[15] It was retrofitted across all 97 465/0 and 465/1 trains over the course of 2009/2010.[16] Brush Traction, the supplier/manufacturer of the original traction equipment, worked as consultants to assist in retro-fitting the new equipment.[14][17]

Refurbishment edit

In 2005, the first 34 465/2 units (465201-465234) were given an extensive refurbishment at Doncaster Works.[citation needed] This included new interior panelling, new flooring, new lighting, new seat moquette (in the same grey and blue design as on the Class 375 Electrostars) and the addition of a new first class seating area at the front and rear of the units, amongst other changes.[18][19] This was done to allow them to be transferred to outer-suburban routes alongside the Class 375s. They would be replaced on inner suburban services by Class 376s. They were reclassified as a separate sub-fleet designated 465/9 (465901–465934) and replaced the remaining Class 423 slam-door stock.[20] The last train in the Network SouthEast livery was repainted in September 2007.[21]

Between 2010 and 2012, all Class 465/0 and 465/1s had an overhaul by RailCare of their door systems, air systems, couplings and trailer bogies.[22] It was also at this time that all of the seats were given a retrim in Southeastern current mauve and blue seat moquette.

A further refresh of the entire Class 465 fleet took place gradually from 2016. This included the installation of new wheelchair spaces and fully accessible toilets, more handrails, and tactile floor surfaces in the vestibule areas, and louder, more audible door alarms. This was done in order to maintain RVAR (Railway Vehicle Accessibility Regulations) compliance. The Metro-Cammell units also had new doors fitted. [23]

Fleet details edit

Units:
Class Operator Qty. Year built Cars per unit Manufacturer Unit nos. Notes
465/0 Southeastern 50 1991–1993 4 BREL/ABB 465001–465050 Includes 465301, built in 1992 as demonstrator for the Universal Networker; renumbered 465037 when placed in normal service.
465/1 Southeastern 47 1993–1994 ABB 465151–465197
465/2 Stored 16 1991–1993 Metro-Cammell 465235–465250[24]
465/9 Southeastern 24 465901–465904, 465906–465914, 465916, 465919, 465922-465929, 465932, Converted from 465/2 units (465201–465234)
Stored 10 465905, 465915, 465917-465918, 465920-465921, 465930-465931, 465933-465934[25]
Vehicle number ranges:[26][27]
Class Motor vehicles Trailer vehicles
465/0 64759–64858 72028–72172
465/1 65800–65893 72900–72993
465/2 65734–65749, 65784–65799 72787–72818
465/9 65700–65733, 65750–65783 72719–72786
 
Illustration of a Southeastern Class 465/9 unit

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to British Rail Class 465.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Class 465 - South Eastern". London: Angel Trains. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017.
  2. ^ South Eastern Franchise - Invitation to Tender (PDF). London: Department for Transport. November 2017. p. 102. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Train Operating Manual: Classes 365, 465, 466. Harrogate: Connex South Eastern. January 1998. p.A.6.
  4. ^ a b "Class 465". London: Eversholt Rail Group. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  5. ^ "19 December 1991 - Networker first EMUs double hand-over ceremony to NSE - Class 465/0 465001 at BREL York followed by Class 465/2 465201". www.nsers.org.
  6. ^ a b "Classes 465 and 466". Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  7. ^ a b "Class 465/466: Kent Link Networker Page 1". Kent Rail. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
  8. ^ "Networker 465: Dawn of a New Era Of Trains". The Railway Magazine. No. 1090. February 1992. p. 18.
  9. ^ "Last Networker". Rail. No. 252. 10 May 1995. p. 4.
  10. ^ Christian Wolmar (2 December 1992). "New Kent Link trains start with power cut". The Independent. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  11. ^ "Our trains". Southeastern. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Southeastern to take Class 707s". Rail Express. No. 289. June 2020. p. 9.
  13. ^ "Class 465 & 466 Networker units put into store". Rail Express. No. 303. August 2021. p. 30.
  14. ^ a b Ojima, Hirofumi (24 January 2008). "Networkers get a traction transplant". News. Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017.
  15. ^ "Networkers to get Hitachi traction package". The Railway Magazine. No. 1275. July 2007. p. 77.
  16. ^ "Class 465 traction upgrade in full flow". The Railway Magazine. No. 1304. December 2009. p. 79.
  17. ^ "Class 465 Trains With New Hitachi Traction Drive Handed Back to Southeastern as Scheduled". Hitachi Rail. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009.
  18. ^ "SET launches refurbished 465/9s". Entrain. No. 43. July 2005. p. 56.
  19. ^ "New look for South Eastern Networkers". The Railway Magazine. No. 1251. July 2005. p. 75.
  20. ^ "Refreshing the 465s". Rail. No. 520. 17 August 2005. pp. 40–43.
  21. ^ "After 21 years, no more NSE". Rail. No. 575. 26 September 2007. p. 9.
  22. ^ "Eversholt Rail Group Completes Class 465/0 and 465/1 Fleet Refurbishment". Eversholt Rail. 21 May 2012. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021.
  23. ^ "RVAR COMPLIANT LAVATORIES FOR CLASS 465 UNITS".
  24. ^ Russell, David (May 2024). "GTR to lease Class 379s from Porterbrook". Units. Rail Express. No. 336. p. 22.
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference RE366 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Groth, Robin (12 July 2016). "The Railways (Interoperability) Regulations 2011 – Class 465/0 and 465/1 – 2020 accessibility deadline" (PDF). Letter to Eversholt Rail Group. London: Department for Transport. RNO 6/18/2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  27. ^ Hotchkiss, Jeremy (31 October 2018). "The Railways (Interoperability) Regulations 2011 – Class 465 – 2020 accessibility deadline" (PDF). Letter to Angel Trains Limited. London: Department for Transport. RFSPEC 16/23/2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2023.

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