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Bryoria 
Summary
Bryoria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Many members of this genus are known as horsehair lichens.[2] The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas.
| Bryoria | |
|---|---|
| |
| Bryoria nadvornikiana | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Bryoria Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) |
| Type species | |
| Bryoria trichodes (Michx.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Taxonomy edit
Bryoria was circumscribed in 1977 by lichenologists Irwin Brodo and David Hawksworth, with Bryoria trichodes as the type species.[3]
Description edit
Bryoria species are fruticose, slender and hair-like, tending to grow hanging (pendent) or like a small bush. They range in colour from dark brown to pale greyish brown to grey in some species. Ascospores are colourless, ellipsoid, numbering eight per ascus.[4]
Other hair-like lichens that may be confused with Bryoria include dark brown species of Bryocaulon, Nodobryoria, Pseudephebe, Alectoria, or Cetraria.[4]
Habitat and distribution edit
Found almost exclusively on conifers, or on tundra soil,[4] Bryoria collectively has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas.[5]
Species edit
- Bryoria alaskana Goward & Myllys (2016)[6]
- Bryoria araucana Boluda, D.Hawksw. & V.J.Rico (2015)[7] – Chile
- Bryoria barbata Li S.Wang & D.Liu (2017)[8] – China
- Bryoria bicolor (Hoffm.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Electric horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
- Bryoria carlottae – Languid horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria cervinula – Mottled horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
- Bryoria fastigiata Li S.Wang & H.Harada (2006)[10]
- Bryoria forsteri Olech & Bystrek (2004)[11] – Antarctica
- Bryoria fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Edible horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria friabilis – Friable horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria fruticulosa Li S.Wang & Myllys (2017)[8] – China
- Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Burred horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Pale-footed horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria glabra – Shiny horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria hengduanensis Li S.Wang & H.Harada (2003)[12] – China
- Bryoria implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
- Bryoria inactiva Goward, Velmala & Myllys (2013)[13]
- Bryoria irwinii Goward & Myllys (2016)[6]
- Bryoria kockiana Velmala, Myllys & Goward (2013)[13] – Kock's horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
- Bryoria nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Blonde horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Tundra horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria pikei – Streaked horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria pseudofuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Mountain horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria rigida P.M.Jørg. & Myllys (2012)[14] – Asia
- Bryoria salazinica – Salazinic acid horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria simplicior – Spangled horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria smithii (Du Rietz) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
- Bryoria subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
- Bryoria tenuis (E.Dahl) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Pied horsehair lichen[9])
- Bryoria trichodes (Michx.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977) – Inelegant horsehair lichen[9]
- Bryoria vrangiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (1977)
- Bryoria wui Li S.Wang (2017)[8] – China
- Bryoria yunnanensis Li S.Wang & Xin Y.Wang (2017)[8] – China
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Synonymy: Bryoria Brodo & D. Hawksw". Species Fungorum. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ^ Smith HB, Dal Grande F, Muggia L, Keuler R, Divakar PK, Grewe F, Schmitt I, Lumbsch HT, Leavitt SD (2020). "Metagenomic data reveal diverse fungal and algal communities associated with the lichen symbiosis". Symbiosis. 82 (1–2): 133–147. doi:10.1007/s13199-020-00699-4. hdl:11577/3440801.
- ^ Brodo, I.M.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1977). "Alectoria and allied genera in North America". Opera Botanica. 42: 1–164.
- ^ a b c Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0300082494.
- ^ Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ^ a b Myllys, Leena; Velmala, Saara; Pino-Bodas, Raquel; Goward, Trevor (2016). "New species in Bryoria (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) from north-west North America". Lichenologist. 48 (5): 355–365. doi:10.1017/S0024282916000268. S2CID 88755829.
- ^ Boluda, Carlos G.; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Hawksworth, David L.; Villagra, Johana; Rico, Víctor J. (2015). "Molecular studies reveal a new species of Bryoria in Chile". Lichenologist. 47 (6): 387–394. doi:10.1017/S0024282915000298. S2CID 90538905.
- ^ a b c d Wang, Li Song; Wang, Xin Yu; Liu, Dong; Myllys, Leena; Shi, Hai Xia; Zhang, Yan Yun; Yang, Mei Xia; Li, Li Juan (2017). "Four new species of Bryoria (Lichenized Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae) from the Hengduan Mountains, China". Phytotaxa. 297 (1): 29. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.297.1.3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
- ^ Wang, Li Song; Harada, Hiroshi; Koh, Y.J.; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2006). "Taxonomic study of Bryoria (Lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) from the Sino-Himalaya (2). Bryoria fastigiata sp. nov". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 100: 865–870.
- ^ Olech, Maria; Bystrek, Jan (2004). "Bryoria forsteri (lichenized Ascomycotina), a new species from Antarctica". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. 73 (2): 151–153. doi:10.5586/asbp.2004.021.
- ^ Wang, L.S.; Harada, H.; Narui, T.; Culberson, C.F.; Culberson, W.L. (2003). "Bryoria hengduanensis (Lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae), a new species from Southern China". Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica. 54 (2): 99–104.
- ^ a b Velmala, Saara; Myllys, Leena; Goward, Trevor; Holien, Håkon; Halonen, Pekka (2014). "Taxonomy of Bryoria section Implexae (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) in North America and Europe, based on chemical, morphological and molecular data". Annales Botanici Fennici. 51 (6): 345–371. doi:10.5735/085.051.0601. S2CID 86126379.
- ^ Jørgensen, Per M.; Myllys, Leena; Velmala, Saara; Wang, Li-Song (2012). "Bryoria rigida, a new Asian lichen species from the Himalayan region". Lichenologist. 44 (6): 777–781. doi:10.1017/S0024282912000370. S2CID 83906897.