The Buffalo River (Zulu: uMzinyathi; Afrikaans: Buffelsrivier) is the largest tributary of the Tugela River in South Africa. With a total length of 426 km (265 mi), its source is in Majuba Hill, "Hill of Doves" in Zulu language, located northeast of Volksrust, close to the Mpumalanga / KwaZulu-Natal border. It follows a southerly route into KwaZulu-Natal past Newcastle then turns southeast past Rorke's Drift, before joining the Tugela River^[1] at Ngubevu near Nkandla. During the nineteenth century it formed part of the boundary between the Colony of Natal and Zululand.

Buffalo River
Buffalo River at Rorke's Drift
Location of the Buffalo River's mouth
Native name	Mzinyathi (Zulu)
Location
Country	South Africa
State	KwaZulu-Natal
Physical characteristics
Source	Near Majuba Hill
• location	Drakensberg
Mouth
• location	Tugela River
• coordinates	28°42′59″S 30°38′30″E / 28.716358°S 30.641768°E / -28.716358; 30.641768
• elevation	465 metres (1,526 ft)
Length	426 km (265 mi)
Basin size	13,000 km2 (5,000 sq mi)

The Buffalo River has a number of tributaries, including the Ingagane from the SW and the Blood River from the NE, which it joins near Kandi Mountain.^[2] Rorke's Drift is a ford across the Buffalo River which is one of the famous places of the 1878-79 Anglo-Zulu War and Isandhlwana is another important place of that war located about 20 km SE of the river, not far from the confluence with the Tugela.^{[citation needed]}