CD1D Knowpia

CD1D
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4WO4, 1ZT4, 2PO6, 3HUJ, 3SDX, 3TZV, 3U0P, 3VWJ, 3VWK, 4EN3, 4LHU, 4MNG, 4MQ7, 4WW2
Identifiers
Aliases	CD1D, CD1A, R3, R3G1, CD1d molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 188410 MGI: 107674 HomoloGene: 1337 GeneCards: CD1D
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	158,186,427 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	86,906,748 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	monocyte; ; thymus; ; spleen; ; blood; ; right lobe of liver; ; appendix; ; jejunal mucosa; ; duodenum; ; rectum; ; bone marrow;
	Top expressed in
	white adipose tissue; ; left lobe of liver; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; brown adipose tissue; ; intercostal muscle; ; body of femur; ; fossa; ; spleen; ; medial ganglionic eminence; ; thymus;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	beta-2-microglobulin binding; lipopeptide binding; histone binding; endogenous lipid antigen binding; lipid antigen binding; exogenous lipid antigen binding; cell adhesion molecule binding; protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; integral component of membrane; endosome; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; cell surface; lysosomal membrane; basolateral plasma membrane; lysosome; endosome membrane; plasma membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; extracellular space; external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	immune system process; T cell selection; heterotypic cell-cell adhesion; positive regulation of T cell proliferation; detection of bacterium; positive regulation of innate immune response; antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib; innate immune response; viral process; antigen processing and presentation, endogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib; regulation of immune response; positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity; immune response;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	912
	12479
	ENSG00000158473
	ENSMUSG00000028076
	P15813
	P11609
	NM_001766; NM_001319145; NM_001371761; NM_001371762; NM_001371763
	NM_007639; NM_001379501; NM_001379502; NM_001379503
	NP_001306074; NP_001757; NP_001358690; NP_001358691; NP_001358692
	NP_031665; NP_001366430; NP_001366431; NP_001366432
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

CD1D is the human gene that encodes the protein CD1d,^[5] a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are non-classical MHC proteins, related to the class I MHC proteins, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. CD1d is the only member of the group 2 CD1 molecules.

Biological significance edit

CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate a special class of T cells, known as natural killer T (NKT) cells, through the interaction with the T-cell receptor present on NKT membranes.^[5] When activated, NKT cells rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines, typically represented by interferon-gamma and interleukin 4 production.

Nomenclature edit

CD1d is also known as R3G1

Ligands edit

Some of the known ligands for CD1d are:

α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a compound originally derived from the marine sponge Agelas mauritanius^[6] with no physiological role but great research utility.
α-glucuronyl- and α-galacturonyl- ceramides, a family of compounds of microbial origin which can be found, for example, on the cell wall of Sphingomonas, a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium.^[7] The related β-D-glucopyranosylceramide is accumulated in antigen-presenting cells after infection, where it serves to activate invariant NKTs (iNKTs), a special kind of NKT.
iGb3, a self antigen which has been implied in iNKT selection.^[8]
HS44, a synthetic amino cyclitolic ceramide analogue which has less contact with the TCR, activating iNKTs in a more constrained way than α-GalCer (specially in relation to Th2 cytokines production) and thus being more interesting for therapeutic use.^[9]

CD1d tetramers edit

CD1d tetramers are protein constructs composed of four CD1d molecules joined together and usually fluorescently labelled, used to identify NKT cells or other CD1d-reactive cells. In particular, type I NKT cells and some type II NKT cells are stained by them. A differentiation of these two types can be obtained in human by using an antibody against the TCR Vα24 chain, which is specific of type I NKT cells.^[10]

Although they are the most widely used of CD1d oligomers, sometimes CD1d dimers (two units) or pentamers (five units) are used instead.^[10]

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000158473 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028076 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "P15813 (CD1D_HUMAN)". Uniprot. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ Franck, Richard W. (1 January 2012). "C-Galactosylceramide: Synthesis and Immunology". Comptes Rendus Chimie. 15 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1016/j.crci.2011.05.006. PMC 3293403. PMID 22408579.
^ Bendelac, A; Savage PB; Teyton I (2007). "The Biology of NKT Cells". Annual Review of Immunology. 25 (1): 297–336. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141711. PMID 17150027.
^ Zhou, D (August 2006). "The immunological function of iGb3". Current Protein & Peptide Science. 7 (4): 325–333. doi:10.2174/138920306778018007. PMID 16918447.
^ J. Kerzerho; E. Yu; C. M. Barra; E. Alari-Pahissa; E. Girardi; Y. Harrak; P. Lauzurica; A. Llebaria; D. Zajonc; O. Akbari; A. R. Castaño (2012). "Structural and functional characterization of a novel non-glycosidic iNKT agonist with immunomodulatory properties". Journal of Immunology. 188 (5): 2254–2265. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1103049. PMC 3288653. PMID 22301545.
^ ^a ^b Terabe, Masaki; Berzofsky, Jay A. (2008). "The Role of NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity". Adv Cancer Res. 101: 277–348. doi:10.1016/S0065-230X(08)00408-9. PMC 2693255. PMID 19055947.

External links edit

CD1d+antigen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Human CD1A genome location and CD1A gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Human CD1D genome location and CD1D gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000158473 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028076 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[P15813_CD1D_HUMAN-5] "P15813 (CD1D_HUMAN)". Uniprot. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[6] Franck, Richard W. (1 January 2012). "C-Galactosylceramide: Synthesis and Immunology". Comptes Rendus Chimie. 15 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1016/j.crci.2011.05.006. PMC 3293403. PMID 22408579.

[7] Bendelac, A; Savage PB; Teyton I (2007). "The Biology of NKT Cells". Annual Review of Immunology. 25 (1): 297–336. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141711. PMID 17150027.

[8] Zhou, D (August 2006). "The immunological function of iGb3". Current Protein & Peptide Science. 7 (4): 325–333. doi:10.2174/138920306778018007. PMID 16918447.

[9] J. Kerzerho; E. Yu; C. M. Barra; E. Alari-Pahissa; E. Girardi; Y. Harrak; P. Lauzurica; A. Llebaria; D. Zajonc; O. Akbari; A. R. Castaño (2012). "Structural and functional characterization of a novel non-glycosidic iNKT agonist with immunomodulatory properties". Journal of Immunology. 188 (5): 2254–2265. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1103049. PMC 3288653. PMID 22301545.

[Terabe2008-10] Terabe, Masaki; Berzofsky, Jay A. (2008). "The Role of NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity". Adv Cancer Res. 101: 277–348. doi:10.1016/S0065-230X(08)00408-9. PMC 2693255. PMID 19055947.

[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]