There are two forms of CD23: CD23a and CD23b. CD23a is present on follicular B cells, whereas CD23b requires IL-4 to be expressed on T-cells, monocytes, Langerhans cells, eosinophils, and macrophages.[5]
Functionedit
CD23 is known to have a role of transportation in antibody feedback regulation. Antigens which enter the blood stream can be captured by antigen specific IgE antibodies. The IgE immune complexes that are formed bind to CD23 molecules on B cells, and are transported to the B cell follicles of the spleen. The antigen is then transferred from CD23+ B cells to CD11c+ antigen presenting cells. The CD11c+ cells in turn present the antigen to CD4+ T cells, which can lead to an enhanced antibody response.[6]
Clinical significanceedit
The allergen responsible in dust mite allergy—Der p 1—is known to cleave CD23 from a cell’s surface. As CD23 is soluble, it can move freely and interact with cells in plasma. Recent studies have shown that increased levels of soluble CD23 cause the recruitment of non-sensitised B-cells in the presentation of antigen peptides to allergen-specific B-cells, therefore increasing the production of allergen specific IgE. IgE, in turn, is known to upregulate the cellular expression of CD23 and Fc epsilon RI (high-affinity IgE receptor).[7]
Patterns of CD23 (and CD21) expression by the follicular dendritic cells in follicular lymphoma.[8]
In flow cytometry, CD23 is helpful in the differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CD23-positive) from mantle cell lymphoma (CD23-negative).[9] CD23 can also be demonstrated in germinal centre follicular dendritic cells using immunohistochemistry but is minimally expressed by benign germinal center B cells. In contrast to neoplastic mantle cells (which are negative for CD23), the resting cells of physiologic mantle zone express CD23. Paradoxically, Lymphomas arising from the mantle zone are generally negative for CD23, while most B-cell chronic lymphomocytic leukaemias are positive, allowing immunohistochemistry to distinguish these conditions, which otherwise have a similar appearance. Reed – Sternberg cells are usually positive for CD23.[10]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104921 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005540 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Lichtman AH, Abbas AK (2003). Cellular and molecular immunology. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 324–325. ISBN 0-7216-0008-5.
^Henningsson F, Ding Z, Dahlin JS, Linkevicius M, Carlsson F, Grönvik KO, Hallgren J, Heyman B (2011). Metzger DW (ed.). "IgE-mediated enhancement of CD4+ T cell responses in mice requires antigen presentation by CD11c+ cells and not by B cells". PLOS ONE. 6 (7): e21760. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...621760H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021760. PMC3130775. PMID 21765910.
^Engeroff P, Vogel M (July 2021). "The role of CD23 in the regulation of allergic responses". Allergy. 76 (7): 1981–1989. doi:10.1111/all.14724. PMC8359454. PMID 33378583.
^Kurshumliu F, Sadiku-Zehri F, Qerimi A, Vela Z, Jashari F, Bytyci S, et al. (2019). "Divergent immunohistochemical expression of CD21 and CD23 by follicular dendritic cells with increasing grade of follicular lymphoma". World J Surg Oncol. 17 (1): 115. doi:10.1186/s12957-019-1659-8. PMC6610797. PMID 31269981. - This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
^Barna G, Reiniger L, Tátrai P, Kopper L, Matolcsy A (Sep 2008). "The cut-off levels of CD23 expression in the differential diagnosis of MCL and CLL". Hematological Oncology. 26 (3): 167–70. doi:10.1002/hon.855. PMID 18381689. S2CID 20572446.
^Cooper K, Leong AS (2003). Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology. London: Greenwich Medical Media. p. 95. ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
Further readingedit
Kijimoto-Ochiai S (Apr 2002). "CD23 (the low-affinity IgE receptor) as a C-type lectin: a multidomain and multifunctional molecule". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 59 (4): 648–64. doi:10.1007/s00018-002-8455-1. PMID 12022472. S2CID 20040394.
Schwarzmeier JD, Hubmann R, Düchler M, Jäger U, Shehata M (Feb 2005). "Regulation of CD23 expression by Notch2 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 46 (2): 157–65. doi:10.1080/10428190400010742. PMID 15621797. S2CID 36863790.
Maekawa N, Kawabe T, Sugie K, Kawakami T, Iwata S, Uchida A, Yodoi J (May 1992). "Induction of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 on PHA-activated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and the association of Fyn tyrosine kinase with Fc epsilon RII/CD23". Research in Immunology. 143 (4): 422–5. doi:10.1016/S0923-2494(05)80075-6. PMID 1387715.
Rose K, Turcatti G, Graber P, Pochon S, Regamey PO, Jansen KU, Magnenat E, Aubonney N, Bonnefoy JY (Sep 1992). "Partial characterization of natural and recombinant human soluble CD23". The Biochemical Journal. 286 ( Pt 3) (Pt 3): 819–24. doi:10.1042/bj2860819. PMC1132977. PMID 1417742.
Maekawa N, Kawabe T, Sugie K, Kawakami T, Maeda Y, Uchida A, Yodoi J (1992). "Induction of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 on PHA-activated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and association of fyn tyrosine kinase with Fc epsilon RII/CD23". International Journal of Tissue Reactions. 14 (3): 121–30. PMID 1446976.
Sugie K, Kawakami T, Maeda Y, Kawabe T, Uchida A, Yodoi J (Oct 1991). "Fyn tyrosine kinase associated with Fc epsilon RII/CD23: possible multiple roles in lymphocyte activation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (20): 9132–5. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.9132S. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.20.9132. PMC52666. PMID 1717997.
Bettler B, Hofstetter H, Rao M, Yokoyama WM, Kilchherr F, Conrad DH (Oct 1989). "Molecular structure and expression of the murine lymphocyte low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (19): 7566–70. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7566. PMC298106. PMID 2529542.
Kikutani H, Inui S, Sato R, Barsumian EL, Owaki H, Yamasaki K, Kaisho T, Uchibayashi N, Hardy RR, Hirano T (Dec 1986). "Molecular structure of human lymphocyte receptor for immunoglobulin E". Cell. 47 (5): 657–65. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90508-8. PMID 2877743. S2CID 43557507.
Ikuta K, Takami M, Kim CW, Honjo T, Miyoshi T, Tagaya Y, Kawabe T, Yodoi J (Feb 1987). "Human lymphocyte Fc receptor for IgE: sequence homology of its cloned cDNA with animal lectins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 84 (3): 819–23. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84..819I. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.3.819. PMC304307. PMID 2949326.
Yokota A, Kikutani H, Tanaka T, Sato R, Barsumian EL, Suemura M, Kishimoto T (Nov 1988). "Two species of human Fc epsilon receptor II (Fc epsilon RII/CD23): tissue-specific and IL-4-specific regulation of gene expression". Cell. 55 (4): 611–8. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90219-X. PMID 2972386. S2CID 140208582.
Lüdin C, Hofstetter H, Sarfati M, Levy CA, Suter U, Alaimo D, Kilchherr E, Frost H, Delespesse G (Jan 1987). "Cloning and expression of the cDNA coding for a human lymphocyte IgE receptor". The EMBO Journal. 6 (1): 109–14. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04726.x. PMC553364. PMID 3034567.
Aubry JP, Pochon S, Gauchat JF, Nueda-Marin A, Holers VM, Graber P, Siegfried C, Bonnefoy JY (Jun 1994). "CD23 interacts with a new functional extracytoplasmic domain involving N-linked oligosaccharides on CD21". Journal of Immunology. 152 (12): 5806–13. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.152.12.5806. PMID 7515913. S2CID 42434103.
Lecoanet-Henchoz S, Gauchat JF, Aubry JP, Graber P, Life P, Paul-Eugene N, Ferrua B, Corbi AL, Dugas B, Plater-Zyberk C (Jul 1995). "CD23 regulates monocyte activation through a novel interaction with the adhesion molecules CD11b-CD18 and CD11c-CD18". Immunity. 3 (1): 119–25. doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90164-7. PMID 7621072.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Padlan EA, Helm BA (1994). "Modeling of the lectin-homology domains of the human and murine low-affinity Fc epsilon receptor (Fc epsilon RII/CD23)". Receptor. 3 (4): 325–41. PMID 8142907.
Trask B, Fertitta A, Christensen M, Youngblom J, Bergmann A, Copeland A, de Jong P, Mohrenweiser H, Olsen A, Carrano A (Jan 1993). "Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of human chromosome 19: cytogenetic band location of 540 cosmids and 70 genes or DNA markers". Genomics. 15 (1): 133–45. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1021. PMID 8432525.
Chirmule N, Kalyanaraman VS, Lederman S, Oyaizu N, Yagura H, Yellin MJ, Chess L, Pahwa S (Mar 1993). "HIV-gp 160-induced T cell-dependent B cell differentiation. Role of T cell-B cell activation molecule and IL-6". Journal of Immunology. 150 (6): 2478–86. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.150.6.2478. PMID 8450224. S2CID 25128583.
Förster HH, Wäsch R, Kretschmar T, Mischke D, Uchańska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A, Schmitt M, Wahn HU (Nov 1995). "Genetic markers on chromosome 19p and prenatal diagnosis of HLA class II-deficient combined immunodeficiency". Pediatric Research. 38 (5): 812–6. doi:10.1203/00006450-199511000-00029. PMID 8552454.
Bajorath J, Aruffo A (Feb 1996). "Structure-based modeling of the ligand binding domain of the human cell surface receptor CD23 and comparison of two independently derived molecular models". Protein Science. 5 (2): 240–7. doi:10.1002/pro.5560050207. PMC2143337. PMID 8745401.
Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Bernard I, Maillet F, Mani JC, Fontaine M, Bonnefoy JY, Kazatchkine MD, Fischer E (Jul 1996). "Human lymphocytes shed a soluble form of CD21 (the C3dg/Epstein-Barr virus receptor, CR2) that binds iC3b and CD23". European Journal of Immunology. 26 (7): 1497–503. doi:10.1002/eji.1830260714. PMID 8766552. S2CID 31793325.
External linksedit
Human FCER2 genome location and FCER2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor
