where is the mass per unit area of saline ice on the sea surface, is the drift velocity of the ice, is the Coriolis parameter, is the upward unit vector normal to the sea surface, and are the wind and water stress on the ice, respectively, is acceleration due to gravity, is sea surface height and is internal ice the two-dimensional stress tensor within the ice.[16] Each of the terms require information about the ice thickness, roughness, and concentration, as well as the state of the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. Ice mass per unit area is determined using the second keystone equation in CICE, which describes evolution of the sea ice thickness distribution for different thicknesses spread of the area for which sea ice velocity is calculated above:[18]
where is the change in the thickness distribution due to thermodynamic growth and melt, is redistribution function due to sea ice mechanics and is associated with internal ice stress , and describes advection of sea ice in a Lagrangian reference frame.[18][19] From this, ice mass is given by:
CICE version 6 is coded in FORTRAN90. It is organized into a dynamical core (dycore) and a separate column physics package called Icepack, which is maintained as a CICE submodule on GitHub.[39] The momentum equation and thickness advection described above are time-stepped on a quadrilateralArakawa B-grid within the dynamical core, while Icepack solves diagnostic and prognostic equations necessary for calculating radiation physics, hydrology, thermodynamics, and vertical biogeochemistry, including terms necessary to calculate , , , , and defined above. CICE can be run independently, as in the first figure on this page, but is frequently coupled with earth systems models through an external flux coupler, such as the CESM Flux Coupler from NCAR[22] for which results are shown in the second figure for the CESM Large Ensemble. The column physics were separated into Icepack for the version 6 release to permit insertion into earth system models that use their own sea ice dynamical core, including the new DOE Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM),[38][40] which uses an unstructured grid in the sea ice component of the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS),[41][42] as demonstrated in the final figure.
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^ abStocker, Thomas (2013). Climate change 2013 : the physical science basis : Working Group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Working Group I. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107661820. OCLC 875970367.
^Horvat, Christopher; Jones, David Rees; Iams, Sarah; Schroeder, David; Flocco, Daniela; Feltham, Daniel (2017). "The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean". Science Advances. 3 (3): e1601191. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1191H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601191. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC5371420. PMID 28435859.
^Background and supporting information for the CICE Consortium: CICE-Consortium/About-Us, CICE Consortium, 2018-08-27, retrieved 2018-12-21
^Thomas, David (2017). Sea Ice. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1118778388.
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^Meier, W. N.; Fetterer (2017). "NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 3 | National Snow and Ice Data Center" (Data Set). NSIDC. doi:10.7265/n59p2ztg. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ab"A Brief History of CICE Milestones and Collaborations". GitHub. February 12, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
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