Canrenone is mainly used as a diuretic.[citation needed]
Canrenone has been found to be effective in the treatment of hirsutism in women.[10]
Heart failureedit
Two studies of canrenone in people with heart failure have shown a mortality benefit compared to placebo. In the evaluation which studied people with chronic heart failure (CHF), people that were treated with canrenone displayed a lower number of deaths compared to the placebo group, indicating a death and morbidity benefit of the medication.
One study compared 166 treated with canrenone to 336 given conventional therapy lasting 10 years. Differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed between both patient groups where, patients treated with canrenone, showed a lower blood pressure compared to conventional therapy. Uric acid was lower in the group treated with canrenone; however, no differences were seen in potassium, sodium, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Left ventricular mass was also lower in the group treated with canrenone and a greater progression of NYHA class was observed in the control group compared to patients treated with canrenone.[11]
Another study concluded that treatment with canrenone in patients with chronic heart failure improves diastolic function and further decreased BNP levels.[12]
^Müller J (6 December 2012). Regulation of Aldosterone Biosynthesis: Physiological and Clinical Aspects. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-3-642-83120-1.
^ abcGardiner P, Schrode K, Quinlan D, Martin BK, Boreham DR, Rogers MS, et al. (April 1989). "Spironolactone metabolism: steady-state serum levels of the sulfur-containing metabolites". Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 29 (4): 342–347. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03339.x. PMID 2723123. S2CID 29457093.
^Losert W, Casals-Stenzel J, Buse M (1985). "Progestogens with antimineralocorticoid activity". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 35 (2): 459–471. PMID 4039568.
^Fernandez MD, Carter GD, Palmer TN (January 1983). "The interaction of canrenone with oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human uterine cytosol". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 15 (1): 95–101. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01470.x. PMC1427833. PMID 6849751.
^ abcElks J (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 210–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
^ abHill R, Makin H, Kirk D, Murphy G (23 May 1991). Dictionary of Steroids. CRC Press. pp. 656–. ISBN 978-0-412-27060-4.
^Romanelli RG, Gentilini P (May 2004). "Cross reactivity due to positive canrenone interference". Gut. 53 (5): 772–773. PMC1774040. PMID 15082604.
^ abcIndex Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp. 167–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
^ abClark MA, Harvey RA, Finkel R, Rey JA, Whalen K (15 December 2011). Pharmacology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 286–. ISBN 978-1-4511-1314-3.
^Sobbrio GA, Granata A, Panacea A, Trimarchi F (1989). "Effectiveness of short term canrenone treatment in idiopathic hirsutism". Minerva Endocrinologica. 14 (2): 105–108. PMID 2761494.
^Derosa G, Maffioli P, Scelsi L, Bestetti A, Vanasia M, Cicero AF, et al. (March 2019). "Canrenone on cardiovascular mortality in congestive heart failure: CanrenOne eFFects on cardiovascular mortality in patiEnts with congEstIve hearT failure: The COFFEE-IT study". Pharmacological Research. 141: 46–52. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.037. PMID 30502530. S2CID 54564252.
^de Simone G, Chinali M, Mureddu GF, Cacciatore G, Lucci D, Latini R, et al. (October 2011). "Effect of canrenone on left ventricular mechanics in patients with mild systolic heart failure and metabolic syndrome: the AREA-in-CHF study". Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases. 21 (10): 783–791. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2010.02.012. PMID 21939839.
^Coelingh Benni H, Vemer H (15 December 1990). Chronic Hyperandrogenic Anovulation. CRC Press. pp. 152–. ISBN 978-1-85070-322-8.
^Seldin DW, Giebisch GH (23 September 1997). Diuretic Agents: Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. Academic Press. pp. 630–. ISBN 978-0-08-053046-8.
^Colby HD (April 1981). "Chemical suppression of steroidogenesis". Environmental Health Perspectives. 38: 119–127. doi:10.1289/ehp.8138119. PMC1568425. PMID 6786868.
^Angeli P, Gatta A (15 April 2008). "Medical Treatment of Ascites in Cirrhosis". In Ginés P, Arroyo V, Rodés J, Schrier RW (eds.). Ascites and Renal Dysfunction in Liver Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. John Wiley & Sons. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-4051-4370-7.
^Maron BA, Leopold JA (September 2008). "Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and endothelial function". Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 9 (9): 963–969. PMC2967484. PMID 18729003.
^International Agency for Research on Cancer; World Health Organization (2001). Some Thyrotropic Agents. World Health Organization. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-92-832-1279-9.
^Agusti G, Bourgeois S, Cartiser N, Fessi H, Le Borgne M, Lomberget T (January 2013). "A safe and practical method for the preparation of 7α-thioether and thioester derivatives of spironolactone". Steroids. 78 (1): 102–107. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2012.09.005. PMID 23063964. S2CID 8992318.
^ abWilliam Andrew Publishing (22 October 2013). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition. Elsevier. pp. 804–. ISBN 978-0-8155-1856-3.
^"List of Aldosterone receptor antagonists". Drugs.com.
^"Potassium Uses, Side Effects & Interactions". Drugs.com.