The cascaded arc source, developed at the Eindhoven University of Technology,^[1][2] is shown in the figure below. Compared to plasma sources in other linear plasma generators, this source can produce high-density argon and hydrogen plasmas (respectively 10²¹ – 10²⁴ and 10¹⁹ – 10²² m⁻³) at a relatively low electron temperature (~1 eV). Due to the high collision frequency of the particles in the source, the plasma is in thermal equilibrium and reasonably homogeneous.

The cascaded arc consists of a gas inlet, three tungsten cathodes, cascaded plates, a nozzle and an anode. Via the gas inlet, the working gas -argon or hydrogen- can flow into the cathode chamber. The source is typically running at 0.5–3.0 slm (2.2×10²⁰ – 1.3×10²⁰ particles per second) and a discharge current of 100–300 A. The cascaded plates in between the cathode and anode are electrically insulated from each other by 1 mm thick Boron nitride plates. The voltage of these plates is the floating potential. Both nozzle and anode are grounded.

• plasma source
• Plasma window

• A Glow Discharge Unit
• HIGH BRIGHTNESS H- SURFACE PLASMA SOURCES
• H- production in pure hydrogen discharges of surface-plasma sources